Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures 语法总结讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

2023人教版(2019) 英语必修一 Unit5 Languages Around the World 语法总结 一．关系副词引导的定语从句 ●关系副词：when/where/why ●用法 1. when（=介词+which），作时间状语，先行词是时间名词； e.g. I am looking for the day when my mum can sing this song for me. Do you know the day when (=on which) he was born. 2. where（=介词+which），作地点状语，先行词是地点名词； e.g. This is the village I stayed last week. 注意：当先行词为condition/position/situation/point/case/stage等“模糊/抽象地点”名词时，用where。 e.g. It’s helpful to put students in a situation where they can see themselves in a different way. 3. why(=for/as+ which),原因状语，先行词为原因名词； e.g. Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you were late for our date? 注意：关系代词和关系副词的选择取决于关系词在句中作什么成分。作主语/宾语，用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。 二．“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 ★该结构可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句； ★先行词指物用which；指人用whom； ★介词放在关系代词前关系代词不可省； 1. 基本形式 （1） 介词+whom：指人 e.g. The person to whom you should call is your mum. （2） 介词+which：指物 e.g. This is the in which I met her last night. （3） 介词+whose+名词(所属关系) e.g. Linda, with whose help, I passed the English exam, is my favorite teacher. （4） 名词/不定代词/数词/比较级/最高级+of+which/whom（整体与部分关系） e.g. China has many rivers, the longest of which is the Yangtze River. （5） the+名词+of+关系代词=whose+名词（所属关系） e.g. We live in a big house, the window of which(=whose window) is very small. 2. 介词的确定（口诀：一先二动三形四意义） （1）根据从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配 e.g. This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend…on…) This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. （pay…for…） （2）根据先行词的搭配习惯 e.g. I remember the day on which I lived in Nanning. (先行词the day，在某天，用on) （3）根据形容词与介词搭配习惯 e.g. The boy about whom I’m worried about is my brother. （4）根据句子表达的意思 e.g. Can you lend me a pencil with which I want to do my homework? 3. 【拓展】定语从句中的主谓一致 （1） 关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致； （2） 先行词为“one of+复数名词”，关系代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式； （3） 先行词为“the only/very/right one of+复数名词”，从句谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. There are fifty students in our class, twenty of who are girls. She is one of the most beautiful girl in our class who always helps others. He is the only one of the boys who is good at singing. 【附表格】 限