内容正文:
独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由“名词(或代词)+现在分词(或过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语)”构成。在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。可置于句首,也可放在句尾。主要用于书面语。
独立主格结构的特点:
1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2. 名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。
3. 独立主格结构一般用逗号和主句隔开。
4. 独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词
这种构成形式,其内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
①The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.
=As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.
姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
②Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
= If time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
更多例句:
→ Her heart still racing, she reached over and turned up the oil lamp that rested beside her canopied bed.
→ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
→ Time going on, everything has changed.
→ The final exam drawing near, your parents will not properly allow you to listen to music.
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词
该构成形式,内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
①The problems solved, the quality has been improved.
=As the problems were solved, the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
②Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.
=Because her glasses were broken, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
更多例句:
→ He played the piano intently, eyes closed.
→ The signal given, the train started.
→ New words explained, the text became easier for us to learn.
→ The test finished, we began our holiday.
→ The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
→ The work done, we went home.
3. 名词/主格代词+形容词
此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态。
①An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。
②So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。
更多例句:
→ He entered the room, his nose red with cold.
→ He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.
→ Conditions better, the patient can leave the hospital.
→ Sunday OK, we’d like to go outing.
4. 名词/主格代词+副词
此结构常用来说明名词或代词的性