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第十二章 情态动词
【学习导航】
1. 同一情态动词表示不同意义以及同一意义可用不同情态动词表达。
2. 情态动词的异化现象, 即提问时用的情态动词, 回答时不能继续用同一情态动词的现象。
3. 情态动词表推测的用法。
4. 记住常用的动词, 如:can/be able to, must/have to 等的区别。
【情态动词的特点】
情态动词用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点, 主要包括能力, 可能, 命令, 要求, 许诺等。情态动词不能单独作谓语, 只能和后面的动词一起构成谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。
1. 情态动词后用动词原形
2. 无人称和数的变化
3. 多义性
【课前练笔】
( ) 1. John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( ) 2. They ___ do well in the exam.
A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to
( ) 3. -May I take this book out?
-No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( ) 4. You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D. would
( ) 5. -Can you speak Japanese?
-No, I____.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
( ) 6. -He___ be in the classroom, I think.
-No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
( ) 7. -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?
-Thanks, but you___, I've had enough.
A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
( ) 8. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.
A. may B. must C. can D. need
( ) 9. He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.
A. can B. shall C. must D. has to
( ) 10. ___ I take this one?
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
【情态动词的用法】
原 形
过去式
词 义
can
could
能
may
might
可以(或许)
must
must(had to)
必须(不得不)
will
would
愿意
shall
should
应该
need
needed
需要
dare
dared
敢于
1. can
can 可表示能力, 可能性, 允许等意义。
(1) 表示能即能做某事。
(2) 表示一时的情况或偶然的可能性
(3) 表示主观推测
(4) 表示“允许”。
(5) 表示 “惊讶”。
(6) can的习惯用法。
can but
can’t help but do / can’t help but doing
cannot…too
2. could
(1).表示过去的能力。
( 2 ) 表示可能性。
(3)表示有礼貌的请求或建议。
(4)表示惊异, 不相信。
(5)用于虚拟语气句子中。
3. may
(1).表示请求许可
(2).表示同意
(3).表示可能性
(4).表