2024年中考英语第九章 动词学案

1 第九章 动 词 【学习导航】 1. 及物动词和不及物动词 2. 系动词的特点，连系动词的用法； 3. 动词各种形式的构成 4. 助动词的用法； 5. 短暂动作的动词与延续性动词； 6. 非谓语动词的用法以及短语动词的用法； 7. 历年中考中，多以单项填空，完型填空，词汇应用等题型出现。 【动词解说】 表示行为动作或状态的词叫做动词。 根据动词在句中的功能，动词分为实意动词（行为动词），连系动词，助动词和情态动词； 根据动词在句中的作用分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。 【中考例题】 1.I have been to Shanghai.I______ here last month. A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go 2.----what’s your father doing now? ----He______ the room. A.cleaned B.cleans C.has cleaned D.is cleaning 3. ----Would you like to go and see Avtar with me tonight ----Thank you very much, but I_____ it already. 【动词辨析】 (1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。 1) say表示讲话，意思是“说，说出，说道”，着重说话的内容，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。 He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you. 2)speak表示“讲话”，着重讲话动作本身，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。 Do you speak English? May I speak to Mr Pope, please? 3) talk表示“谈话”，侧重与人交谈，指双方之间的谈话，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。 What are you talking about? Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now. 4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。 She told us an interesting story yesterday. My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month. (2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。 1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。 Look! The girl is swimming in the lake. Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual? 2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。 They can't see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday? 3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。 The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match. 4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。 Don't read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free. (3) borrow, lend和keep的区别。 1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，常用结构是“borrow sth from sb/somewhere,是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now. May I borrow your dictionary? 2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，常用结构“lend sb sth或lend sth to sb，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li. Could you lend us your radio,