2024年中考英语第十四章 主谓一致与倒装句 学案

1 第十四章 主谓一致与倒装句 【学习导航】 1. 要熟练掌握语法一致, 意义一致和就近一致三个原则。 1. 要做到主谓一致,要考虑句子主语的人称和数的变化+谓语动词的时态和语态的变化+语言语境。 1. 中考考试形式多以单项填空,完型填空等题型出现,有时会结合动词的时态一起考查. 【主谓一致解说】 主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称和数与句子的主语保持一致.在一般现在时态中, 当主语是第三人称单数时,be要用is, have要用has, 其他实义动词要在词尾加-s或-es,在一般过去时态中, 当主语为第三人称单数时, be要用was, 这种现象被称为谓语的第三人称单数形式, 当主语为复数时,谓语动词也要用相应的复数形式。 【语法视窗】 1. 主谓一致的三条原则 1.语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致, 即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式; 主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 1)当and或both….and….连接名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lucy and Lily are students. 2)不定代词either,neither,each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything , someone, somebody, something, everything , nobody,no one, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Is there anything wrong with your bike? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting. 3)由each, each ….and each…..,every….and every…..作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 4)主语后接有with, along with,together with, as well as, no less than ,more than , including, besides, like, except, but等词或者短语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式来决定。 Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing. 5)“a number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式; one+单数名词+and a half作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees are cut down. The number of students in our class is 32. 6) “a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a pile of ,piles of,most of )+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词, 如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。 如: Lots of people have been there. 7)由“a pair( a kind, series…)+of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式; “pairs(kinds…)+of +复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 如: A pair of gloves is lying on the table Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day. 8)某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves…)作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 如:My shoes were worn out. 9)不定式或V.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is learning. 2.意义一致原则 意义一致原则是说谓语动词的单数,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记:主语形式虽为单数但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数; 主语形式为复数, 而意义上却是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数形式。 1)由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果指同一概念(即后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数。 如: The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week. The singer