Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Discovering Useful Structures 语法总结讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

2023人教版（2019）英语必修一Unite3 Sports and fitness 语法总结附加疑问句（反义疑问句） ●附加疑问句=反义疑问句：对陈述部分事实提出相反的疑问，用逗号和陈述部分隔开。表示提问者有一定的主见，但没有把握，需要对方证实。 【构成】 ① 肯定的陈述部分+否定的附加疑问部分（前肯后否） e.g. It’s a fine day, isn’t it? ② 否定的陈述部分+肯定的附加疑问部分（前否后肯） e.g. It isn’t cold today, is it? 【注意】★附加疑问句的后半部分必须在人称，数和时态上和前面陈述部分保持一致；★当前一部分的主语为名词，后一部分的主语用相应的人称代词形式；★ 附加疑问部分，否定式须用缩写形式。 · 附加疑问句的回答：若事实是肯定的，就用yes答；若事实是否定的，用no答； e.g. -She is a teacher, isn’t she? -Yes, she is. -She isn’t a student, is she? -Yes, she is. ●附加疑问句动词的选择 ① 陈述部分有be动词/情态动词/实义动词（前肯后否，前否后肯，时态对应） be动词：am/is/are/was/were 助动词：do/does/did/have/has/had 情态动词：can/could/may/might/must/will/would/shall/should… e.g. I am a student, aren’t I? He can run fast, can he? She likes dancing, doesn’t she? She has lunch at home, doesn’t she? {此处has为实义动词，用助动词} They have finished the work, haven’t they? {此处have为助动词，后用have} ●附加疑问句的特殊情况 1. 陈述部分有must: ① must 在肯定陈述部分，表示“必须”，疑问部分用mustn’t; e.g. You must work hard to improve your oral English, mustn’t you? ② 陈述部分为mustn’t, 疑问部分用must/may; e.g. You mustn’t throw the rubbish on the ground, must/may you? ③ 陈述部分表示肯定推测，疑问部分根据实际确定谓语/仍用must； e.g. You mum must be happy, isn’t she? You must have finished your homework yesterday, didn’t you? She must have been married, hasn’t she? 2. 陈述部分是ought to，疑问部分用shouldn’t/oughtn’t; e.g. You ought to know what to do, shouldn’t/oughtn’t you? 3. 陈述部分had better, 疑问部分hadn’t; e.g. You had better get up early, hadn’t you? 4. 陈述部分wish，疑问部分用may； e.g. I wish to stay here for a long time, may I? 5. 陈述部分有否定含义的词，疑问部分用肯定； seldom/hardly/never/rarely/few/little/nowhere/nothing/none/nobody/neither/no… e.g. Few people knew him, did they? He seldom goes to the park, does he? He can hardly play football, can he? 6. 陈述部分neither…nor/either…or，谓语动词根据实际情况； e.g. Neither he or she is teacher, are they? Either you or she is wrong, isn’t she? 7. 陈述部分是this/that；疑问部分用it；陈述部分主语是these/those, 疑问部分用they； e.g. Those are your books, aren’t they? 8. 陈述部分是there be 结构，疑问部分用“be动词+there”； e.g. There is some water in the