Unit 3 Food and Culture Discover Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. 到龙卷风结束时，已有700多人丧生。 Q: Which event happened first? the tornado ending 700 people dying past had been killed A past event before another past event /a past time now 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态（亦可以说是“过去的过去”）。 present future past past perfect past perfect tense 过去完成时结构：had (not)+过去分词 1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动作。如： She had rushed out of the door before I could stop her. 注意：过去的时间有时由一时间状语表示出来（如上例），但在更多的情况下时间都由上下文表示出来。如： Diana found she had left her case on the train. 过去完成时用法 与过去完成时连用的时间状语 already (已经), yet (仍然), still (还), just (刚刚), hardly...when (刚……就), scarcely...before (刚……就), ever (曾经), never (从来没有)等，也可以是by (不迟于), before (在……之前), until (直到), as soon as (一……就), by then, by the end of, by that time, until then, by the time+从句等形式。 4 2. 在下面情况中，我们常可使用过去完成时。 ①用于宾语从句。如： He said that he had been in China for over ten years. ②用于状语从句。如： When Monica had sung her song she sat down. ③用于定语从句。如： The lady showed me the pictures she had painted. ④用于一些固定句型： ★It / This / That was + the first / second / ... + time + that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。如： It was the first time that I had made such a mistake. ★It was +一段时间+ since从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。 如： It was two years since he had left his hometown. ★hardly ... when，hardly分句谓语常用过去完成时。如： The party had hardly started when Joe left. Hardly had Laura sat down when the phone rang. ★no sooner ... than，no sooner分句谓语常用过去完成时。如： I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang. No sooner had I walked in the door than they arrived. ⑤用于hope, intend, mean, think等动词表示未实现的愿望时。如： I had intended visiting him this weekend but I wasn’t able to make it. I had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 表示过去某个时间或事件之前发生的动作一直延续到过去的另一时间或动作，此时谓语应为延续性动词 9 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 误：It raind at eight yesterday morning. 正：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning. 10 active passive The room looke