内容正文:
小升初语法讲解 情态动词 专题训练(讲义) 牛津上海版(试用本)英语五年级下册
知识点讲解
情态动词
概念:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添感情色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等的动词。
特征:
· 不能单独作谓语,须和行为动词或系动词连用共同构成谓语;
· 无人称和数的变化;
· 后接动词原形(do/be)
· 具有助动词作用(可用来构成否定句,疑问句及简明回答
一、情态动词基本用法
(一) can/could
表示能力,意为“能、会”。
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read she went to school?
1. 表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。
You can go now.
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
2. 较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand?
注意:情态动词的过去式除了表示过去的时间这一用法外,更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。尤其在出现在宾语从句主句中时,并不影响从句的时态。
(2) may/might
1. 表允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby?
2. 表示祝愿,常用于倒装结构中:
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真!
(3) must
1. 表示“必须”、“应当”。
We must love our country.我们要热爱祖国。
I must take a day off tomorrow.我明天必须请一天假。
3. must的否定式(mustn’t)表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等,语气比较强烈。
You mustn’t speak loudly in the library.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。
We mustn’t waste our time.我们不应该浪费时间。
(4) need
1. 作情态动词时,接动词原形。仅用于否定句和疑问句,否定直接加not(needn’t)
--Need we leave soon? --Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)
You needn't have hurried.
2. 作实义动词时,接带to的不定式。否定和疑问借助助动词完成(如 did you need?didn't need)
He needs to see a doctor.
They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)
精选精练
1.—Sam can jump high. ______? ( )
—Yes, I can.
A.Can he B.Can you C.Do you
2.Jane is angry. She ______ take a deep breath. ( )
A.should B.can’t C.like
3.Linda has so much homework. She ______ play computer games today. ( )
A.can B.isn’t C.can’t
4.—_______ I have some soup? ( )
—Sure. Here you are.
A.Can B.Would C.Do
5.I ______ play ping- pong. ( )
A.was B.am C.can’t
6.There isn’t enough water on the earth. We ______ save every drop of water. ( )
A.should B.shouldn’t C.can
7.—______ I go outside now? ( )
—No, you can’t.
A.Do B.Can