2024届中职高三英语一轮复习主谓一致导学案

主谓一致 一个句子的谓语动词必须和这个句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致,称之为主谓一致。 谓语动词单数形式(例:eats is was has does) 谓语动词复数形式(例: eat are were have do) 主谓一致要遵循三个原则:意义一致原则,语法一致原则和就近一致原则。 一 意义一致原则:意义一致原则指的是主语所表达的单复数概念决定了谓语动词的单,复数形式。 1. 表时间,距离,价格,度量等复数名词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:Ten yuan _(is/are) not enough. Two months_(is/are) a long holiday. Ten years _(is/are) a long time. Ten miles _(isn’t/aren’t) a long distance. 2. 用作运算的数词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:Three and five _(is/are) eight. 3 以-s 结尾的某些名词(如mathematics/physics/politics/ news/The New York Times)本身不表示复数意义,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如:Physics _(is/are) very interesting and useful. The New York Times _(is read/ are read) all over the United States. 4. 某些名词(如people/police)形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,当其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 例如:People here _(is/are) very friendly. 5. 集体名词(如:family/ class/ group/team)作主语时,如表整体概念,谓语用单数;如表示集体的成员则用复数形式。 例如:His family _(is/are) very large. My family _(is watching /are watching) TV now. 6. the +形容词(如:poor/rich/old/sick)表示一类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The+姓氏的复数形式 表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇二人”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。 例如:The sick _(is taken/are taken) good care of by nurses. The Smiths_(is watching/ are watching) TV. 7. 一些只有复数形式的名词(如: clothes/scissors/trousers/glasses/works) 等作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式;但当其前面有量词(如:pair/piece)修饰时, 谓语动词的数与量词保持一致。 例如:The shoes _(is /are) beautiful. This pair of shoes _(is /are) her sister’s. 8. a/an +单数名词+or two 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:A student or two _(has failed / have failed) the exam. 9. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如 :Each of them _(has/ have) an English book. 二 语法一致原则 语法一致原则指的是主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。 1. 单数名词或不可数名词,动词不定式,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:The book _(is/are) mine. Water _(is /are) necessary for human. Reading books _(is /are) interesting. Why he bought so many books _(is unknown/ are unknown) to us. 2. 用and 或both…and 连接并列主语时, 谓语用复数形式。 例如:Reading and writing _(is /are ) important in learning English. 1) 如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,其谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and 后面的名词无冠词。 例如:The writer and teacher _(is coming/ are coming) The writer and the teacher _(is com