内容正文:
主谓一致
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。人称指的是主语作为第一、第二、第三等不同人称时,谓语动词的变化;数指的是谓语动词的单复数变化。包括:①语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。②意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。③邻近要一致,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。现将一些常见的主谓一致归纳如下:
1. 表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them.
六个月过去了,我们依然没有他们的消息。
Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 这个古币没有 10 块钱这么高的价格。
Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他们结婚已有 20 年了。
2. 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如 news,maths,physics, works (工厂)等。如:
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
3. family,class,team,group,crowd, committee等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
My family is a very big one,with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭,有十口人。
My family all like watching TV.我们全家人都喜欢看电视。
4. people, police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。
The police are having a meeting.警察们正在开会。
youth 作“青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数。如:
The youth of today are fond of dancing. 现在的年青人都喜欢跳舞。
5. 成双成对出现的复数名词(shoes,trousers,pants,glasses, gloves 等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair, suit, piece )在单复数上保持一致。如:
My shoes are the latest fashion. 我的鞋子是最新的流行样式。
The trousers there are expensive. 那儿的裤子很贵。
Two pairs of scissors are on the desk. 书桌上有两把剪刀。
6. 单数名词后跟 with,along with, together with, as well as(和;也), rather than(而不), but, except,not, l ike, besides, including 等引起的短语时,谓语动词用 单数形式。如:
My father,together with his friends, is going to visit the Great Wall.
我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。
He as well as his sister is a League member. 他和他姐姐一样都是团员。
7. 由 either,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词常和最接近的 主语一致。如:
Either you or I am right. 不是你就是我对。
Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海。
Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了?
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watch- ing television.
不仅我,而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
8. 当ther