(练习)课时分层作业9 Unit 3 Careers and skills-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册(译林版2020)

课时分层作业(九) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A We believe that there is more to education than preparation for a job.Children must be prepared for all aspects (方面) of their future work，personal relationships，creative activities，dealing with money matters，independence，and parenthood. But it would be unrealistic (不现实的) to provide an education which took no consideration of the needs of employers. What type of training does the business world regard as important? Many young people applying for jobs were，in the employers' opinion，very weak in the basic skills of handwriting，grammar and spelling.“Though additional education at university level improved the students' general ability，” a report states，“in basic skills the standards remained stubbornly low.” There are different opinions about whether standards have gone down in recent years.What is certain is that employers do not believe the standards are now high enough.Do technological changes make greater demands upon the students' abilities? We should also remember that the job expectations of young people have increased.Girls who would have once become shop assistants or hairdressers now want to be secretaries.Boys who sought an apprenticeship (学徒工作) 20 years ago now desire to have an engineering degree.But it is still the same girls and boys with the same degree of ability.No wonder there are problems in reaching the “necessary standards” of the business world. Many employers believe that it is important for teachers to have experience outside the world of college and school.They should work for a while at some other kinds of job “to see how the world of business is different from their own”．The teaching occupation and society in general need a greater understanding of manpower needs and therefore of “the desired” direction of the education system. 【语篇解读】　从学校毕业的学子是否具备职场要求的各种能力呢？本文论述了求职者能力欠佳，对职位要求却很高这一情形。 1．The article mainly talks about ． A．no education among young people B．meeting the educational requirements of employment C．the problem of unemployment D．the weaker standards of education B　[主旨大意题。文章主要讲了学校应该注重培养学生将来进入职场所需要的各种基本技能，因此B项正确。] 2．In the writer's opinion，education should ． A．pay more attention to students' academic ability B．only meet the needs of employment C．be suitable to all aspects of being an adult，including employment D．center on grammar C　[细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，作者认为，教育应该能让孩子对长大成人后为生活的各方面做好准备，当然也包括求职，即教育应该适合成年人生活的方方面面。] 3．The underlined part “the same girls and boys” in paragraph 6 refers to ． A．those who are likely to be unemployed B．those who have just left middle school C．those who are looking for jobs far beyond their abilities D．those who might have become shop assistants，hairdressers and apprentices in the past D　[词义猜测题。结合第六段第二至四句可知，在过去会成为售货员或理发师的女孩现在会想成为文秘，以前想当学徒的男孩现在会想取得工程学位。总之，人还是那些人，能力也没变，变的是他们的要求。因此，“the same girls and boys”指那些在过去会成为售货员、理发师和学徒的人。] 4．It suggested that teachers should ． A．never change their jobs B．improve their teaching methods C．spend more time on their school work D．get some work experience outside school D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，很多雇主认为学校老师在学校外的工作经验很重要。因此，D项符合题意。] B Long ago，letters were folded in complicated ways to prevent others from reading them.Now，scientists at MIT have managed to read one of these letters without even opening it. Nowadays，there are many easy ways of sending secret messages.But in the past it was a headache and not until the 1830s was the envelope invented. So to stop others reading their secrets，people used a technique called “letter locking”．This meant cutting and folding the letter in complicated patterns so that the paper formed its own envelope and couldn't be opened without revealing the fact that it'd been opened. Usually several small openings were left in the letter，so that when the paper was folded，a loose piece of the letter could be passed through the openings to “lock” it.Finally，the letter was sealed (封闭) with melted wax (蜡).The person who got the letter could easily tell if anyone had opened it along the way. The Brienne Collection is a group of over 3，000 pieces of mail from 1706 or earlier.Found in a wooden trunk in the Netherlands，the letters were never delivered，577 of which are locked.Letters from the past contain important information about history.But locked letters raise a difficult question: should historians open locked letters，even if opening them damages the letters? Now researchers at MIT have figured out a clever way，allowing them to see what was written in one letter and learn how the letter was locked—all without damaging the letter in any way.They first use a powerful X­ray scanner to create a 3D image of the letter，including where the ink is.The scanner can show inky areas of the letters in great detail as inks back then had tiny bits of metal in them.Then they use computers to figure out how the letter was folded by transforming the folding process into math formulas (公式). 【语篇解读】　文章介绍了在没有发明信封以前，人们使用复杂的方式封存发送秘密信息的信封，麻省理工学院的研究人员想出了一种聪明的方法，可以在不破坏信件的情况下，看到一封信里写了什么，并能够了解这封信如何被锁起来。 5．What was sending secret messages like before the 1830s compared to now? A．It was effortless. B．It was reliable. C．It was tricky. D．It was costly. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的 “But in the past it was a headache and not until the 1830s was the envelope invented.”可知，19世纪30年代以前发送秘密信息是棘手的。故选C。] 6．What does the underlined word “revealing” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Hiding. B．Giving away. C．Changing. D．Going against. B　[词义猜测题。根据上文“This meant cutting and folding the letter in complicated patterns so that the paper formed its own envelope and couldn't be opened”可推断，这样就不会泄露信被打开过的事实，因此推断画线词词义与“give away(泄露)”相符。故选B。] 7．What makes the writing in the locked letters recognizable to the scanner? A．The writing was written in metal­containing ink. B．The letters were never addressed or delivered. C．The letters have small openings to access. D．The writing stood the test of time. A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的“They first use a powerful X­ray scanner to create a 3D image of the letter，including where the ink is.The scanner can show inky areas of the letters in great detail as inks back then had tiny bits of metal in them.”可知，这些文字是用含金属的墨水写成的使得扫描仪可以识别被锁定的信件里的文字。故选A。] 8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A．Entertainment. B．Education. C．Science. D．Literature. C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“Now，scientists at MIT have managed to read one of these letters without even opening it.”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍科学家可以在不弄坏信件的情况下识别历史上被封存的信件的内容。由此推知，这篇文章也许会出现在报纸的科学版面上。故选C。] Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It was late，about 10：15 p．m.，when Janice arrived at the Bellport，New York train station.She'd just returned from visiting her mother who lives in Philadelphia.Brought up by the single mother alone since 4 years old，Janice made it a rule to visit her every other month.She quickly got off the train，walked into the parking lot and jumped into her car.All these were so familiar to her since she had traveled the route so many times.After a short break，Janice happily began the 20­minute drive home.She knew that her husband and seven­year­old son were eagerly waiting for her return. She was practically driving on automatic pilot: a left onto Station Road，then a left on Montauk Highway，and then—wham! Out of nowhere on that awful night，a minivan (小面包车) hit Janice's car，knocking her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks.Janice sat in the car，injured but mostly just shocked by the impact (撞击) and by the vehicle's airbags.Realizing what had happened after a few seconds，she was scared and tried to escape from the car.But she failed to open the door.Hopeless，she could only pray that someone might pass by and save her. As it happened，Peter was getting ready for bed.He'd just closed his book and was going to bed when he heard the loud sound of metal on metal and shattering (破碎) glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window.A volunteer firefighter and retired teacher，Peter，64，never stopped to think.He grabbed a flashlight and ran out of the door in his nightclothes，knowing that there could be a car accident nearby and it was difficult for the police to reach there in a short time on such a dark night. The first car he came upon，2，000 feet from his front yard，was the minivan that had hit Janice's.Peter rushed over to check if the driver was alive.Once he concluded the driver was OK，he looked around and spotted Janice's car on the railroad tracks. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 All of a sudden，he heard a sound: the bells signalling an on­coming train. As a volunteer firefighter，Peter calmly ran to the passenger side. 【参考范文】 All of a sudden，he heard a sound: the bells signalling an on­coming train.Peter knew the train was speeding toward them and saw its headlight in the distance.Without hesitation，he rushed to Janice's car and banged on the driver's side window.“Help！” Janice shouted loudly.Peter responded immediately，“Don't worry.I will get you off right now！” He repeatedly pulled the handle with force，but due to the strong impact，the door was too severely damaged to open. As a volunteer firefighter，Peter calmly ran to the passenger side. After smashing the door open with a rock，he pushed aside the airbags，grabbed Janice's arms，and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out.Once Janice was out of the car，he carried her to safety behind a signal box a few feet away as quickly as he could.Within about 30 seconds，the train crashed into Janice's car.Peter's heroic actions were reported by the local newspaper，but he simply said，“Any firefighter would have done what I did.We're always on duty.” 6/6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$