(讲义)Unit 1 Wish You were Here 突破 语法大冲关-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册(译林版2020)

非限制性定语从句 [观察例句] 1．Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook． 2．Peter，whom you met in London，is now back in Paris． 3．The boy，whose hat is red，studies very hard． 4．He will come here yesterday，when he will be free． 5．They went back to London，where was their hometown． [归纳用法] 1．who引导的非限制性定语从句 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year． 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果了。 2．whom引导的非限制性定语从句 Mr．Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist． 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3．whose引导的非限制性定语从句 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard． 那个小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 The house，whose windows face north，belongs to him． 窗子朝北的那个房子是他的。 4．which引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 (1) which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 These trees，which were planted by my father three years ago，have grown up. 我父亲三年前种的树，已经长大了。 (2)which指代主句中的形容词。 She was patient，which her husband seldom was． 她有耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 (3)which指代主句中的某个从句。 He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true． 他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。 (4)which指代整个主句。 In the presence of so many people he was a little tense，which was understandable． 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。 5．as引导的非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。 As is known to the United States，Mark Twain is a great American writer． 美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语) He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case． 他忘了带笔，这是常事。(as在从句中作主语) 6．“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，即在介词后引导的非限制性定语从句。关系代词主要有which，whom，whose。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。 They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved． 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。 7．“名词/代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two­thirds of which are under cultivation． 现在它拥有两万公顷土地，其中多于三分之二的土地已经耕种。 8．关