Chapter2（课件)《国际贸易实务与案例分析（双语版）》同步教学（清华大学出版社）

Chapter 2 Subjects of Contract 第2章 国际货物贸易国际货物贸易交易标的 Section 1 Quality of Commodity 第1节 商品品质 2 1. Name of Commodity 品名 (1) Significance of Stipulating the Name of Commodity 列明品名的重要性 It is the basis for the buyers and sellers to deliver and receive goods, which also relates to the rights and obligations of both parties. If the goods delivered by the seller do not conform to the agreed name of commodity in the contract, the buyer will be entitled to lodge a claim, reject the goods or even terminate the contract. 品名涉及对商品的描述，是构成商品说明的一个重要组成部分，是买卖双方交接货物的一项基本依据，还关系到买卖双方的权利和义务。如果卖方交付的货物不符合合同规定的品名，买方有权提出损害赔偿、拒收货物甚至撤销合同。 3 1. Name of Commodity 品名 (2) Points for Attention in Stipulating Name of Commodity Clause ① clear and specific, not too vague or general in stipulation. 品名规定需明确、具体，切忌空泛、笼统 practical, not too belittled or exaggerated in expression.品名规定须事实求是，切实反映商品的实际情况，不夸大也不缩小。 ③ international standardized. 品名规定需使用国际通用名称。 ④ If the stipulation of the name of commodity has little influence on the properties of the subject matter, we should choose and utilize appropriate commodity names to lower costs and reducing tariffs. Take 如果对于品名的规定对标的物的性质没有太大影响，那么注意选择和利用可以降低成本、适用较低关税的商品名称。 2. Definition of Quality of Commodity 品质的定义 Quality of commodity refers to the intrinsic attributes and the outer form or shape of the goods. The former includes the physical and mechanical properties, biological features and chemical compositions of the goods, while the latter includes shape, color, transparency, or style of the goods. 品质，又称商品质量，指的是商品本身所具有的内在特征和外观形态。前者包括商品的物理和机械性能、生物特性和化学成分，后者包括商品的外形、色泽、透明度或款式。 3. Methods of Stipulating Quality of Commodity品质的表示方法 (1) Sale by Actual Commodity 凭实物表示品质 ① Sale by Inspection 看货买卖 ② Sale by Sample 凭样品买卖 (2) Sale by Description 凭文字说明表示品质 ① Sale by Specification 凭规格买卖 ② Sale by Grade 凭等级买卖 ③ Sale by Standard 凭标准买卖 ④ Sale by Brand Name or Trade Mark 凭牌名或商标买卖 ⑤ Sale by Name of Origin ⑥ Sale by Description and Illustration 凭说明书和图样买卖 4. Quality Latitude and Qu