内容正文:
仁爱英语八年级单元语法综合精讲精练
Unit 7
第I部分 宾语从句 (I)
宾语是句子的重要成分,可由单词、短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时我们把这个句子称为宾语从句。宾语从句通过连接词(引导词)与主句相连,作主句中动词介词或形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有 that, if, whether, what, which, who, whom, when, where, how, why等。
1. I think (that) he is a good boy.
主语 谓语 连接词 宾语从句
2. Do you know if she likes him?
主句 连接词 宾语从句
3. Could you tell me whether or not it's polite to go to the party early?
主句 连接词 宾语从句
你能告诉我在宴会上早到是否礼貌吗?
按照宾语从句引导词的不同, 宾语从句可分成三类。
1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句, that在宾语从句中无意义,不充当任何成分,在口语和非正式文体中常省略,这种宾语从句常是陈述句变化而来的。
I think (that) he is right. 我认为他是对的。
The teacher says, “It is a good book." → The teacher says that it is a good book.
老师说这是一本好书。
I know (that) they come from China. 我知道他们来自中国。
温馨提示
在下列情况下 that 作为引导词不可省略。
1. 宾语从句的主语是that时;
The man said that that was good news. 那人说那是一条好消息。
2. 宾语从句前有插入语时;
It says, on the letter, that his uncle will come back from America next week.
信上说他的叔叔下周要从美国回来了。
3. 宾语从句本身是个主从复合句时;
I'm afraid that if you want to get there on time, you have to run at once.
恐怕你要想准时到达那儿,必须立即跑步了。
4. 当有两个或两个以上的宾语从句由并列连词连接时,为了避免引起歧义,并列连词后所有由that引导的宾语从句中的引导词that 均不可以省略。
She said that she liked the village very much and that she hoped to live there for a whole life.
她说她非常喜欢那个村庄并希望一辈子住在那儿。
2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句, if 或 whether在句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但不能省略。在句中翻译成“是否”。这种宾语从句常是一般疑问句转化而来的。
I'm not sure whether/if there are UFOs. 我不确信是否有不明飞行物。
She asked, “Jim, do you like English?” →She asked Jim if/whether he liked English.
她问吉姆是否喜欢英语。
3. 由连接代词who, whom, which, what 或连接副词when, where, how, why等引导。
温馨提示
1. whether 和 if (是否)一般情况下可以互换。但下列情况只能用whether。
(1) 放在主句之前时;
I can't say whether this is true or not. = Whether this is true or not, I can't say.
这是不是真的,我不敢说。
(2) 作介词的宾语时;
I'm interested in whether she likes English. 我关心的是她是否喜欢英语。
(3) 简化成与动词不定式连用时;
She asked me whether to start early. 她问我是否能早点出发。
(4) 正式文体后跟or not 时;
He doesn't mind whether or not they