Chapter 11.1（课件）- 《统计学基础（英文版）》同步教学（人民大学版）

Chapter Nonparametric Tests 11 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Larson/Farber 6th ed Chapter 1 Chapter Outline 11.1 The Sign Test 11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests 11.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test 11.4 Rank Correlation 11.5 The Runs Test . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Section 11.1 The Sign Test . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Section 11.1 Objectives How to use the sign test to test a population median How to use the paired-sample sign test to test the difference between two population medians (dependent samples) . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Nonparametric Test Nonparametric test A hypothesis test that does not require any specific conditions concerning the shape of the population or the value of any population parameters. Usually easier to perform than parametric tests. Usually less efficient than parametric tests (stronger evidence is required to reject the null hypothesis). . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. 5 Sign Test for a Population Median Sign Test A nonparametric test that can be used to test a population median against a hypothesized value k. Left-tailed test: H0: median  k and Ha: median < k Right-tailed test: H0: median  k and Ha: median > k Two-tailed test: H0: median = k and Ha: median  k . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Sign Test for a Population Median To use the sign test, each entry is compared with the hypothesized median k. If the entry is below the median, a  sign is assigned. If the entry is above the median, a + sign is assigned. If the entry is equal to the median, 0 is assigned. Compare the number of + and – signs. . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Sign Test for a Population Median When there is a large difference between the number of + signs and the number of – signs, it is likely that the median is different from the hypothesized value and you should reject the null hyp