Chapter 3.1（课件）- 《统计学基础（英文版）》同步教学（人民大学版）

Chapter Probability 3 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Larson/Farber 6th ed Chapter 1 Chapter Outline 3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting 3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule 3.3 The Addition Rule 3.4 Additional Topics in Probability and Counting 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Section 3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Section 3.1 Objectives How to identify the sample space of a probability experiment and how to identify simple events How to use the Fundamental Counting Principle to find the number of ways two or more events can occur How to distinguish among classical probability, empirical probability, and subjective probability How to find the probability of the complement of an event How to use a tree diagram and the Fundamental Counting Principle to find probabilities 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Probability Experiments Probability experiment An action, or trial, through which specific results (counts, measurements, or responses) are obtained. Outcome The result of a single trial in a probability experiment. Sample Space The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. Event Consists of one or more outcomes and is a subset of the sample space. . 1 Copyright 2019, 2015, 2012, Pearson Education, Inc. Example: Identifying the Sample Space of a Probability Experiment A survey consists of asking people for their blood types (O, A, B, and AB), including whether they are Rh-positive or Rh-negative. Determine the number of outcomes and identify the sample space. Solution: There are four blood types: O, A, B, and AB. Each person is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. A tree diagram gives a visual display of the outcomes by using branches that originate from a starting point. It can be used to find the number of possible outcomes in a sample space as well as individual outcomes. . 1 Copy