专题15 阅读六选四（上海专用）-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）

专题15 阅读理解之六选四 上海高考六选四是高考新题型，由原来的任务型阅读改革而来，分值8分，语法难度较任务型阅读有所降低，要求根据短文内容，从所给六个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。但理解难度提高。一般来说，给出一篇缺少四个句子的短文和六个选项，进行六选四。每句出版篇章的某一段落，要求学生找出与每句相匹配的段落。这一种阅读新题型固然有着不同于传统阅读解题方法的种种方面，但同时也具备一些可以为学生所利用的新特点。考生需要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉，是解答这一题型的关键。 短文长度一般为300词左右，题材为记叙文、说明文和议论文为主。设空类型：1.主旨句：标题类、主题句类；2.过渡性句子:文章结构；3.细节注释性句子：上下文逻辑意义。值得注意的是文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。 题型归纳 题型01 主旨句题 【题型诠释】  在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。 学生做这类题时，注意一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。 【典例1】(2023·上海·上海中学校考模拟预测) Changing Someone’s Mind at the Dinner Table Family gatherings can bring up topics we prefer to avoid. With the festive season in full swing, it might be hard to stay away from some annoying relatives. At some point, you know they will say something like: “Genetically modified foods are not safe to eat” or “Climate change is a conspiracy”. (Surely, all these statements are untrue.) 67 “Is it worth making an effort to correct people?” says Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter, UK, who studies ways of challenging misperceptions. I think so. 68 Obviously, it is far more difficult to prove false beliefs wrong than to spread them. Take a classic: “The climate has always changed, it’s nothing to do with humans.” To fight this, you need to explain how the world is now warming at an alarming rate, when otherwise it would be cooling slightly were it not for our carbon dioxide emissions. 69 “Parallel” arguments can often highlight logical errors very effectively, says John Cook of George Mason University, Virginia. For instance, the “climate is always changing” myth is like claiming that because people have always stolen from each other, leaving your house unlocked won’t increase the risk of burglary (入室抢劫). But you need to be aware of the backfire (适得其反的) effect. 70 T