Unit 6（课件）-《物流专业英语》同步教学（大连理工大学出版社）

Distribution 　Part I　An Introduction to Distribution 　Part II Sample Communications 　Part III Practical Readings Part I　An Introduction to Distribution 　　Distribution in supply chain, from the point of material flow, means the distribution of a bunch of goods from one place to another. It can be factory to franchiser, franchiser to retailer, or retailer to end customer. In this distributive process, each unit passes the product down the chain to the next organization, before it finally reaches the end-user. 　　在供应链中，从实体物流的角度看，配送是指将一批货物从一个地方运至另一个或几个地方的活动。可以是从工厂到经销商，经销商到零售商，或零售商到终端客户。在配送过程中，每个单元将货物传递给链条上的下一个组织，直至货物抵达最终用户。 Part I　An Introduction to Distribution 　　From the point of commercial flow, such as international trade, distribution channels are the marketing routes that a product follows to flow from the seller (exporter) to the buyer (importer). From the point of the seller, the more intermediaries, the longer distributions channel which will affect the profits. However, the direct marketing in many countries could be very difficult and extremely expensive. “Hence, there is always a trade off between costs and benefits of employing intermediaries (such as franchiser) instead of conducting their own sale , and of continuously monitoring the situation. 　　从商流的角度看，如国际贸易，分销渠道是商业流通中，商品从销售方（出口方）至买方（进口方）。从销售方的角度看，中间商越多，配送的渠道就会越长，会影响利润。然而，在许多国家，直接营销很难并且非常昂贵。所以，需要在选择使用更多的中间商（如经销商）来替代他们自己的直销时，不断的，并且替代持续监控的这一状态情况，才能达到权衡成本和利润的目的。 Part I　An Introduction to Distribution 　　The longer the distribution channel, the greater the number of intermediaries—resulting in less profit accruing to the seller. 　　To choose the best fit distribution channel, sellers can use the following criteria to determine the length of their distribution channels: Lifespan of the product; complexity of technical requirements; price of the product; service requirements and turnover. 　　Whenever profit taking within a channel is not related to the amount of risk accepted and the cost of distribution fun