Unit 4（课件）-《物流专业英语》同步教学（大连理工大学出版社）

Transportation 　Part I　An Introduction to Transportation 　Part II Sample Communications 　Part III Practical Readings Part I　An Introduction to Transportation 　　Transportation is the operational area of logistics that moves goods from a point of origin to ultimate destination. Whether in the form of materials, components, work-in-process, or finished goods, the basic value provided by transportation is to move inventory to the next stage of business process. The performance of transportation is vital to procurement, manufacturing, and market distribution. Two fundamental economic principles impact transportation efficiency: economy of scale and economy of distance. To be effective, movement organizations must operate to the set of basic principles: Centralized control; Regulation; Flexibility; Maximum utilization. Operating to these principles will ensure that the best use is made of expensive resources. This will save time and money, make the operation more profitable and help to minimize any potentially harmful effects on the environment. Part I　An Introduction to Transportation 　　运输是物流的营运范围，是指商品从原产地到最终目的地地理位置上的传递。不管是原材料、零件、在线产品还是制成品，运输的基本价值体现在将库存向下一个业务流程的输送。运输作业 对采购、生产与市场分销至关重要。有两个基本的影响运输效率的经济型原则，即规模经济和距离经济。为了高效起见，运输部门必须按照一系列的基本原则来运作：集中控制原则，调控原则，灵活性原则和最大化利用原则。按照这些原则来运营将确保能够对昂贵的资源进行最佳利用，这将省时省钱、提高运营利润并且有助于把对环境潜在的有害影响最低化。  是否准确？ Part I　An Introduction to Transportation 　　The five primary modes of transportation are rail, road, water, air and pipeline. Each has different economic and service characteristics. Rail transport，owing to its high costs in the construction of the infrastructure is normally suitable for carrying bulk cargo over long distances. Road transport offers more flexibility and versatility to the shipper than virtually any other forms of transportation. Pipelines are primarily used to move petroleum, natural gas, and chemicals. For suitable commodities, pipeline is the most efficient mode of transport. They offer a closed system with little risk o