期末复习专项-核心语法（一）2023-2024学年外研版九年级英语上册

2023外研社九年级英语上期末复习专项—核心语法（一） 六种时态的构成和用法 时态 构成 用法 时间状语 一般现在时 am/is/are; 行为动词原形（三单谓语用三单形式） 经常性/习惯性行为/存在的状态 every day/week/year/…sometimes/usually… 一般过去时 was/were; 行为动词过去式 过去某一时间发生的动作/存在的状态 yesterday/last week/at that time/a moment ago… 一般将来时 am/is/are+going to do; will/shall do （shall与I/we连用） 将来某个时间将要发生的动作/存在的状态 tomorrow/next week/in the future… 现在进行时 am/is/are+动词-ing形式 现在/当前一段时间进行的动作 now/at the moment/at present… 过去进行时 was/were+doing 过去某一时刻/某段时间内正在进行的动作/所处的状态 at that time yesterday/at that moment 现在完成时 have/has+动词过去分词 一个动作始于过去，持续到现在（或将持续下去）/过去发生或完成得动作对现在仍有影响 already/yet/ever/since then… 时间状语从句 1. when “当……时”，主句动作和从句动作同时发生/从句动作发生在主句前； {注意}主句是一般将来时，从句谓语动词用现在时表将来。 【例句】Life is a mirror, when you smile at it, it will smile back. 2. while “当……时”，表示某事发生较长的时间“背景”。从句用进行时，主语和从句的动作是两个同时进行的长时间动作/事件，主语也用进行时； 【例句】While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, we are watching TV in the living room. 3. until “直到……为止”；若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，not…until… “直到……才……”； 【例句】I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 4. as soon as “一……就……” 遵循“主将从现”原则； {注意}若主句用一般将来时/过去将来时，从句用一般现在时/一般过去时来表示将来/过去的将来。 【例句】He will call you as soon as he gets home. I told you as soon as I got the latest news. 5. before “在……之前” 引导的时间状语从句，主句动作发生在从句动作之后； 【例句】Your mum will prepare breakfast for you before she leaves home. 6. after “在……之后” 引导的时间状语从句，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后； 【例句】After I got home, I washed my hands and had dinner. 7. since “自……以来” {注意}从句谓语动词表示动作起点，用一般过去时；主句谓语动词表示动作开始后延续至今，用现在完成时。 【例句】He has been learning English since he was five years old. 原因状语从句 ※引导原因状语从句的连词：because/as/since 【例句】She didn’t go to school because she was ill at home. Since everyone is here, let’s begin our discussion. As you are not in good condition, you should drink water as much as possible. 【辨析】because 直接原因；回答why提出的问题；as 一般的因果，语说明较明显的原因；since 对方已知的无须多说明的原因/事实； 语气强-弱：because-since-as 目的状语从句 ※引导目的状语的连词：so that 意为“以便……” 【例句】You should get up early so th