2023届高考英语专项复习 三大从句和特殊句式 课件

英语高考复习课件 三大从句和特殊句式 第一讲 定语从句 语法填空二谨记 1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。 2.关系词应遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则 (1)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who; (2)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom; (3)如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句用which; (4)如果先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,用when或where;如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which; (5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人,用whom;如果先行词指物,则用which。 在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 (一)who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 1.who和whom指人 (1)who在定语从句中作主语或宾语; (2) whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。 (3)在口语中可用who代替whom。 On behalf of those who feel like making progress in English, I sincerely invite you to deliver a speech in our English program at 7 pm on Friday.代表那些想在英语上取得进步的人,我真诚地邀请你周五晚上7点在我们的英语节目中发表演讲。[2022 新高考全国卷 ] The student who/whom you talked to just now is my best friend. 你刚才谈话的那个学生是我最好的朋友。 2.whose既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语,表示先行词的所有格。即 whose 前的先行词和whose之后的名词有所属关系。口诀:whose前后名,后名属前名。 My eldest son,whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 我的大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作使他走遍了全世界。 He lives in a house,whose window is broken. 他住在一所房子里,房子的窗户坏了。 (二)that/which/as引导的定语从句 1.只用that引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 If I run into anything that might interest you, I'll send it your way. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 2.只用which引导定语从句的情况 (1)先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时 David had a brain disease,which prevented him from walking or running like other children. 大卫患有脑部疾病,这使他不能像其他孩子一样行走或奔跑。[2022 新高考卷 读后续写] (2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时 I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书,这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。 (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时 A small percentage o