第9章（课件）- 《国际贸易学（双语版）》同步教学（清华大学版）

1 Chapter 9 Globalization and Economic Integration Learning Targets After learning this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the implication and impact of economic globalization; Understand the WTO’s role in promoting free trade; Understand the types of economic integration; Discuss the effects of regional economic integration; Describe the major economic blocs in Europe, North America and emerging markets. 2 2 Contents Globalization World Trade Organization Types of regional economic integration Effects of regional economic integration Regional economic integration in major areas 3 Globalization 1. What is globalization 2. Drivers of globalization 3. The globalization debates 4 1. What is globalization Globalization refers to the shift toward a more internationally integrated and interdependent world economy. 5 1. What is globalization Globalization has several facets, including: The globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and geographically separated national markets into one huge global. The globalization of production refers the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. The globalization of capital movement occurs when a firm invests resources in business activities outside its home country. 6 2. Drivers of globalization Two macro factors underlie the trend of globalization: The first is the decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services and capital that has occurred since the end of World War II. The second factor is technological advance, particularly the dramatic developments in communication, information processing, and transportation technologies. 7 3. Globalization debates （1）Arguments for globalization Expanded and integrated production and market enable nations to take full use of their comparative advantage to improve productivity, make technology innovations, evolve their industries, and be