第4章（课件）- 《国际贸易学（双语版）》同步教学（清华大学版）

1 Chapter 4 The New Trade Theory Learning target After learning this chapter, you should be able to: Understand how economies of scale underlie international trade Explain the impact of external economies of scale on trade patterns and gains from trade Understand intra-industry trade patterns resulting from internal economies of scale and product differentiation Recognize the new gains from intra-industry trade Use the tools of new trade theory to analyze some practical problems of China’s trade with other countries 2 2 Main content The New Trade Pattern: Intra-Industry Trade The New Basis of Trade: Economies of Scale External Economies of Scale and International Trade Internal Economies of Scale and International Trade 3 1. The New Trade Pattern （1）The concept of intra-industry trade Intra-industry trade refers to exchanging similar products in the same industry Two countries import and export products belonging to the same sector or category mutually 4 1. The New Trade Pattern （2）The measurement and facts of intra-industry trade The intra-industry trade index The value of the intra-industry trade index ranges from 0 to 1, and the higher the level of intra-industry trade, the closer the index is to 1 A widespread form of intra-industry trade cannot be explained by traditional trade theory 5 Krugman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economic activity by examining the effects of economies of scale and consumer preferences for diverse goods and services 6 1. The New Trade Pattern 2. The New Basis of Trade （1）The theory of economies of scale Returns to scale describe what happens to returns as the scale of production increases Constant Returns to Scale Increasing Returns to Scale Decreasing Returns to Scale 7 2. The New Basis of Trade （2）External economies