第3章（课件）- 《国际贸易学（双语版）》同步教学（清华大学版）

Chapter 3 Neoclassical Trade Theory 1 Learning target After learning this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the meanings of important concepts such as factor endowment, factor abundance and factor intensity Master the sources of comparative advantage based on differences in factor endowments and their international trade patterns. Explain the effects of international trade on factor prices and income distribution across countries. Learn about the Leontief Paradox and the scholars’ explanations for it. Apply the neoclassical trade theory to analyze some realistic questions about China’s trade. 2 Main Content Basic Concepts Factor Endowments Theory Factor-price Equalization Theorem Stolper-Samuelson Theorem Leontief Paradox and Its Explanation 3 Basic Concepts 1. Factor Endowments 2. Factor Abundance 3. Factor Intensity 4 1. Factor Endowments Factor Endowments refer to the natural supply of production factors in a country or region. 5 2. Factor Abundance Method 1: Ratio of total available capital to total available labor Method 2: Ratio of the price of capital hire to the price of labor time 6 Thinking and Discussion Please review the literature to find other indicators or methods that can measure factor abundance and compare them. 7 3. Factor Intensity Factor Intensity refers to the relative intensity of inputs to produce a product. In the case of two factors of production, it is the ratio of inputs to the two factors of production. Graphical illustration of factor intensity 8 Factor Endowments Theory 1. Basic Assumptions 2. Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem 3. Graphical Exposition 9 2×2×2 model There are differences in factor endowments between the two countries The factor intensity of the two commodities is different Different countries use the same technology in the production of both products Consumers in different countries have the same demand preference In both countries, the production of both commodities is constant returns to scale Both domestic and forei