第1章（课件）- 《国际贸易学（双语版）》同步教学（清华大学版）

1 Chapter 1 Introduction Learning target After learning this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize that learning and mastering international trade knowledge has never been more critical and urgent than it is today Understand the main research content of international trade Understand the impact of international trade on economic growth, industrial upgrading, enterprise progress, and quality of life Be familiar with and grasp the practice and development trends of contemporary international trade 2 2 Main content What does international trade study ? Why is international trade important? What is contemporary international trade? 3 What does international trade study 1. International Trade Theory 2. International Trade Policy 4 1. International Trade Theory （1）The Basis of Trade Absolute or relative difference in technology Differences in factor endowments Product differentiation and economies of scale Productivity of exogenous random sampling 5 1. International Trade Theory （2）The Pattern of Trade Inter-industry Trade Intra-industry Trade Intra-firm Trade Intra-product Trade 6 1. International Trade Theory （3）The Gains from Trade Gains from specialization Gains from exchange Diversity of consumption varieties Pro-competitive Effect Selection effect 7 2. International Trade Policy （1） Instruments of Trade Policy Tariff and non-tariff barriers Export-oriented trade policy and import-substitution trade policy Liberal trade policy and protectionist trade policy 8 2. International Trade Policy （2）Causes of Trade Policy Country: protecting the domestic economy and industry from crises and external competition, protecting domestic employment, alleviating balance of payments imbalances, improving terms of trade, correcting unfair trade, maintaining national security, the need for political competition, and even reciprocity revenge. The political economics of trade: it is the result of games between various interest groups. 9 3. International Trade Policy （3）Outcomes/Eff