Unit5 Grammar（课件）-《电商物流英语》同步教学（北京邮电大学出版社）

Unit 5 Shipment 目录/Content 1 2 3 4 Professional Preparation Professional Conversation Reading Grammar 5 6 Writing Culture Extension Grammar Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气 虚拟语气由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等。虚拟语气表示不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中，表示假设的或实际可能性不大的情况。 虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： Grammar 4 Grammar 一、状语从句中的虚拟语气 1. 虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的三种用法 1) 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be 用 were)，主语 + would (should/could/might)+do 如：If I knew his number, I could ring him up. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话。 2) 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would (should/could/might) + have + done If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. 如果他快点，他就能赶上火车了。 3) 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + did/If + 主语 + were to + do/If + 主语 + should + do，主语 + would (could should might) + do If I were to go abroad, I would go to America. 如果我要出国，我就会去美国。 5 Grammar 2. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件句是用副词、介词或介词短语 (otherwise, or, without, but for) 等来表示，假 设的情况通过短语来表示或暗含在上下文中。 We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道 他的电话号码。否则我们就给他打电话了。 Without your help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我不会取得这么大的 成就。 But for your help, I would not have succeeded. 要不是你的帮助，我是不会成功的。 6 Grammar 3. 条件从句中省略 if，采用倒装语序 在 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的 if 省去，将 had，should， were 等助动词提到主语之前。 If she were young, she would do it. 去 if：Were she young, she would do it. If you had come earlier, you would have took it. 去 if：Had you come earlier, you would have took it. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去 if： Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 7 Grammar 4. 虚拟语气在 as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中 1) 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 他对待那个男孩就像对待自己的儿子一样。 2) 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 他说话的样子好像他知道这件事似的。 3) 表示与将来事实相反 ( 表示将来的可能性不大 ) ，用 would (might, could) + 动词原形。 He acts as if he could win in the game. 他表现得好像他能在比赛中获胜似的。 5. 虚拟语气用在 lest，for fear that，so that 及 in order that 引导的目的状语从句中 此类从句含有“以防，以免”等意思，谓语动词多用 should/could/might + do 构成。 For