内容正文:
英语句子成分分析
根据其功能和作用,可以把句子成分的种类分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、同位语、状语和独立成分等。实词一般都能作句子成分,虚词在句子中只能起辅助或连接等作用,不作句子成分。
主要句子成分:主语(subject)---s; 谓语(predicate)---v
次要句子成分:宾语(object)---o; 定语(attribute)---attr; 状语(adverbial)---adv;
补语(complement)-c; 表语(predicative)---p; 同位语(Appositive)
一、主语
概念
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。
句中位置
陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前,但在there be结构、主语不是疑问词的疑问句和倒装句中,位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
表现形式
名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、the+形容词以及从句。
典型例句
During the 1990s,American_country_music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
Onethird of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To_swim_in_the_river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. (动名词短语)(2022新课标全国II卷)
The_rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
What benefits most to their study is reading English books. (主语从句)
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(2022年乙卷书面表达)
二、谓语
概念
谓语说明主语的动作,特征或状态等。一般由动词担任,其人称和数必须与主语一致,有时态、语态和语气变化。
句中位置
一般在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)。
表现形式
动词(短语)、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式(如happen,would like,seem等)、系动词+表语。
典型例句
He has_caught a cold.(动词)
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways.(情态动词+实义动词)(2022 全国乙卷 )
I would_like_to_invite all my friends here.(其他动词+不定式)
Food became easier to chew at this point. (系动词)(2022年新高考I卷)
三、表语
基本概念
与系动词连用,一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等。
句中位置
一般位于系动词之后
(1)五感:look , sound , smell , taste , feel (2)五变:grow , turn , get go , become , come , fall
(3)三保持:keep , stay , remain (4)一是:be ( am , is , are , was , were )
(5)一像:seem
表现形式
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、介词短语、从句。
典型例句
Our teacher of English is an_American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
I felt frightened(frighten) as I waited for the mysterious man. .(分词)
Three times seven is twenty_one?(数词)
His job is to_teach_English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing_football.(动名词)
The machine must be out_of_order.(介词