Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures 学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句之关系代词 一、基本意义： 在复合句中，修饰名词和代词的句子叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句的引导词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。关系词在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在定语从句中充当句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who，whom, whose，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语；关系副词有when，where，why，在定语从句中充当状语。 二、分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 三、常见关系代词基本用法： 引导词 例句 that指人或指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 A plane is a machine that can fly.（作主语） Jane is no longer the person(that) I worked with several years ago?（作宾语） which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 They planted trees which didn’t need much water.（作主语） The photo (which) we liked best was taken by Tom.（作宾语） who 指人，从句中作主语或宾语 He’s the boy who won the competition last year.（作主语） The man (who) you met just now is my old friend.（作宾语） whom指人，在从句中作宾语（也可用who代替） A friend is a person (who/whom) you know well. whose先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten 四、特别注意： （一）关系代词用that不用which的情况: 1. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时: 　　This is the best film that has been shown this year. 　　※He is the first student that/who came to school today. 2. 当先行词既有人又有物的名词时: 　　He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited. 3. 当先行词本身是all时： All that (=what) I want to buy are some flowers. Go over all that (=what) we learned. 4. 先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything时： 　　 I’ll tell you anything (that) I know. 5. 当先行词前有all, much, little, the very, the only, the last时: 　　This is the only book (that) I read. 　　All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor. 6. 当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that避免混淆。 　　Who is the man that is talking with the lady？ 　　Which of you that know the answer can come to the front？ （二）关系代词用which不用that的情况： 1. 作介词宾语且介词置于引导词之前时： The room in which he lives is very large. 2. 引导非限定性定语从句时： 　　Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 　　The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large. 3. which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句。 　　He always makes fun of me, which upsets me. (三)其他特殊情况: 1. 先行词是those指人时，关系代词只用who。