2024届中职英语一轮复习语法专项知识导学案：定语从句

语法专项知识清单：定语从句 1、 定义 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰主句中的名词或代词，在句子中充当定语的句子。 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词，在从句中替代先行词，作从句中的主语，宾语，定语，状语等。 2、 分类 限制性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，去掉之后意义不完整或不明确，无逗号隔开。 非限制性定语从句：对主句的补充说明，去掉之后，主句意义完整，有逗号隔开。 三、关系词 关 系 代 词 who 指___,从句中作_____或_____( 可省） ①The man______________ was here yesterday is a middle school teacher. ②The woman____________you saw in my room yesterday is my mother. ③The books ____________ are on the desk are mine. ④The film __________________I saw yesterday is very interesting. ⑤I want to make friends with the girl ________ English is pretty good. ⑥Hand me the book _______cover is yellow. whom 指___,从句中只作_____( 可省） that 指___或____,从句中作_____或_____( 可省） which 指___,从句中作_____或_____( 可省） whose 所有格:“xx的”,指___或____,从句中作_____ =the +名词+whom/ which 关 系 副 词 where 代替表地点的先行词，作地点状语，=介词+which ①Many countries are now setting up national parks______/_______ animals and plants can be protected. ②I shall never foget the days_______ /_______ we worked on the farm. ③Can you tell me the reason______/_______ the car broke down. when 代替表时间的先行词，作时间状语，=介词+which why 一般用于先行词reason后，作原因状语=for which 四、注意事项 1.关系词作主语时其含义、人称、数与先行词一致，从句谓语动词形式由先行词决定。 ①She is one of the girls who know the truth. ②She is the only one of the girls that knows the truth. ③.Those who _____ (be)against the plan put up your hands. ④.The man who________(live)next to ours’ sells vegetables. 2.“介词+关系代词”结构 有时从句的介词会移动到关系代词前，此时，关系代词不用that，指人只用whom(不用who）,指物用which，表所有格用whose Eg.The young man__________________ you talked to is a famous athlete. The young man to ________ you talked is a famous athlete. The boss in___________ company my father worked is a foreigner. 介词的选择:1.与先行词搭配2.与从句动词搭配3.句子意思 The city_____ which she lives is very far away. I bought a lot of books,____ which I spent all my money. This is my pair of glasses,______which I cannot see clearly. 但含有介词的固定搭配短语动词不要拆开，介词仍在后面。 Is this the watch which he is looking for? 五、特殊情况 （一）.关系代词:只能用that