内容正文:
句子成分分析
本节内容:句子中的主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补
重点:谓语,宾语,定语,状语
难点:谓语
讲解部分
一. 动词
1. 实义动词(V):
及物动词(vt):He made (vt)cakes.
不及物动词(vi) :He talks (vi) about the problem.
My head aches(vi).
2. 系动词:be, become, turn, get, appear, seem, look, sound, taste...
The weather became colder.
3. 助动词:be (v进行时态,被动语态), do, have(v完成时态), will(v将来时态)
This book must be great. My sister has read it five times.
4. 情态动词:can, could, may, might, shall, should, must.
二. 谓语
1. 各种时态,语态的实义动词
Thousands of trees are planted every year.
Bob is watering flowers there.
2. 情态动词+实义动词
We must study English hard.
3. 系动词+表语
This is an English dictionary.
【区分】动词(名词n,形容词adj, 副词adv…)是词的性质。
谓语 (主语,宾语…)是词在句中的位置。
三. 句子的其他成分
1. 主语
Knowledge is power.
Reading books is my power.
位于谓语之前的成分为______,一般具有名词性质。
What you said can’t be true.
“What you said” 这个从句,位于谓语之前,因此称为_______从句,该从句具有名词性质。
2. 宾语
Mr. Smith helped me when I was in trouble.
He lives in the countryside.
位于及物动词(vt)或 “不及物动词(vi)+ 介词”之后的成分为______, 一般具有名词性质。
Do you understand what I mean ?
“what I mean” 这个从句,位于及物动词________之后,因此称为_______从句,该从句具有名词性质。
3. 表语
Zhao Liying is a beautiful actress.
The idea sounds good.
位于系动词之后的成分为_______, 与系动词组合构成_______, 一般具有名词或形容词性质。
The reason why she was late was that her car broke down on the way.
“that her car broke down on the way”这个从句位于be动词was之后,因此称为______从句,该从句具有名词性质。
【小结】 主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句都具有名词的性质,因此也叫名词性从句。
4. 定语
Chang Jin Lake is a wonderful film.
I don’t know the man with a red rose in his hand.
定语不构成句子,修饰句中的名词。一般具有形容词性质。句中wonderful修饰名词_______。句中 “with a red rose in his hand”修饰名词_______。
The boy who is standing there is my cousin.
“who is standing there” 这个从句修饰句中的名词______, 因此称为______从句,具有形容词性质。 被修饰的名词称为________。
【区分】从位置上看wonderful位于film之前,因此称为前前置定语。而从句“who is standing there”位于the boy 之后,因此称为前后置定语。
【小结】定语从句具有形容词性质,因此也叫形容词性从句。
5. 状语
I ate an apple.
I ate an apple in the classroom.
I ate an apple yesterday.
He talked too much.
状语不构成句子,表示句子中事件发生的时间、地点、方式、原因结果、目的、条件、让步、伴随等,具有副词性质,修饰动词、形容词、或全句。
I a