内容正文:
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION 翻译导论
2. COMPARISON OF LANGUAGES 语言对比
3. METHODS AND SKILLS OF TRANSLATION 翻译方法技巧
4. TRANSLATION FOR EXHIBITIONS 翻译专题:会展翻译
5.TRANSLATION OF ADVERTISEMENT 翻译专题:广告翻译
6.TRANSLATION OF TOURISM 翻译专题:旅游翻译
COMPARISON OF LANGUAGES
语言的对比
词的意义:
A、完全对应
The U.S. State Department
The Pacific Ocean
Tuberculosis
Miniskirt
美国国务院
太平洋
肺结核
迷你裙
B、部分对应
由于英文词语的多义现象和同形异义现象,大量汉语词语与它们的英文对应词语之间存在着部分语义对应的关系。
Spring
Brown
Sister
Interest
语言的对比
春天,泉水
棕色,布朗
姐,妹
兴趣,利息
C、语义空缺
英语中有些词表示的意义,在汉语中目前还找不到对应。汉语中有些词,英语中也没有对应词。主要在专有名词、术语及文化负载词。
1.音译法
沙发
sofa
coffee
咖啡
T-shirt
T恤
豆腐
Tofu
功夫
Kungfu
茶
Char
2.直译法
一国两制
one country two systems
三个代表
Three Representatives
The last straw
最后一根稻草
The white collar
白领
3.解释法
两岸三地
The mainland, Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan
春联
Spring festival couplets pasted on the gate or door against the evil spirit on the lunar New Year’s Eve in ancient times
The fight between donkey and elephant
美国民主党和共和党的竞争
4.音译加解释法
气功 Qigong
a system of deep breathing exercises believed by practitioners to be effective to many diseases and discomforts
5.直译加解释法
铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
a job that is stable,reliable,and guaranteed for life
D、一词多义
Heavy
“重视”
语言的对比
Heavy
heavy heart
heavy news
heavy road
heavy smoker
heavy bread
heavy traffic
heavy sea
heavy fire
忧愁的心
令人悲痛的消息
泥泞的路
大烟枪
没有发酵好的面包
拥挤的交通
汹涌澎湃的大海
猛烈的炮火
Attach great importance to
Place high importance on
Consider it important to
Give top priority to
Value/treasure/cherish
See great value in/ pay close attention to
Fully committed to
Take seriously
Follow closely
View……with grave concern
重视
一字多义和一字多种搭配在汉语里是相当常见的, 汉语中意义和搭配最多的字是“上”:
上班 to go to work to be on duty
上报 to appear in the newspapers, to report to a higher authority
上场 to appear on the stage
上当 to be taken in
上吊 to hang oneself
上灯 to light a lamp
上冻 to freeze
Translation Practice
上坟
上课
上年纪
上台
上瘾
上车
Visit a grave to honor the dead
Have class
Get old/aged