Unit 3 Section 3 Grammar—过去完成时及其被动语态-【赢在微点】轻松课堂2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

Section 3　Grammar—过去完成时及其被动语态 课前观察 自主领悟 语法图解 观察句子 ①By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. ②By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck. ③Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas! ④By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. ⑤After they had known each other for many years, Beethoven said, “He is a good composer, but he has taught me nothing.” ⑥Before they visited India, they had recorded seven albums. 我的领悟 1. 句②采用了过去完成时,其构成形式为:had done。  2. 句①③采用了过去完成时的被动语态,其构成形式为:had been done。  3. 句④⑥中, by the time和before引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句则用过去完成时。 4. 句⑤中, after引导时间状语从句,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。 语法课堂 高效学习 一、构成 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had+主语+done had+主语+been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词+had+ 主语+done 疑问词+had+主语+ been done ①They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 他们到达旅馆前已经吃过早饭了。 ②He told me that there had been an argument between them. 他告诉我他们之间发生了争执。 【小练1】　句型转换 ①The police found that the man had broken into the house before the owner came back. →The police found that the house had been broken into by the man before the owner came back.(改为被动语态)  ②They said the production costs had been reduced. →They said the production costs had not been reduced.(改为否定句)  二、过去完成时的用法 1. 用于told, said, knew, heard, thought, found等动词后面的宾语从句中,表示动作发生在这些动词之前。 ①He told me that he had seen the film the day before. 他告诉我他前一天已经看过那部电影了。 ②She said that she had never been to the Great Wall. 她说她从未去过长城。 2. 表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 15 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车最终到来的时候,我已在公交车站等了15分钟。 3. 表示意向的动词(want,hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,plan,suppose)的过去完成时可用于表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 ①I had meant to go on a trip with you,but I was busy with work then. 我本想和你一起去旅游,但是我那时正忙于工作。 ②I ha