第二章 第11讲 名词-2024年高考英语复习专题辅导与训练

11 名词 [考点一]名词的单复数 1.规则名词的5种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 一般情况下 在词尾直接加s mouth---mouths;book---books 以s；x；ch；sh结尾的名词 在词尾加es bus---buses;brush---brushes 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词 变y为ies Factory---factories;library---libraries 以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加s zoo---zoos;piano---pianos 有些在词尾加es Tomato---tomatoes;hero---heroes 以f；fe结尾的名词 一般变f；fe为ves wife---wives;shelf---shelves 少数直接加s roof---roofs; belief---beliefs 2.不规则名词地2种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 单复数同形 deer;sheep;means;Chinese;spacecraft 变内部元音 foot--feet tooth--teeth man--men woman--women mouse--mice 3.合成名词的2种复数形式 (1)若有主体名词，则把主体名词变成复数；若无主体名词，则把最后一部分变成复数。 passer-by→passers-by,sister-in-law→sisters-in-law,grown-up →grown-ups,housewife→housewives (2)“man/woman+n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和主体名词都要变复数：women engineers 对点演练 单句语法填空 1.(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos(科芬的凤头鹦鹉),a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape recognition_________(ability)to a human two-year-old. 2.(2021·新高I卷，57)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________(human)are. 3.(2021·全国乙卷，69)_________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 4.(2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts,those praised as_________ (genius)were most often white men,of European origin. 5.(2020·浙江卷，62)Later,they learned to work with the _________ (season),planting at the right time... 6.“Alaya,you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you."Though I said I asn't going to do it,my_________(foot)carried me toward the pool. 7.The nursery team switches him every few _________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,the other is with mum—she never suspects. [考点二]不可数名词 1.常见的不可数名词 一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数的名词有：milk,music,home-work,housework,weather,news,butter,infor-mation,bread,advice,progress,orange(橙汁),equipment,meat,fun,luggage,luck,work(工作),traffic,furniture,wealth,word(消息),room(空间),