第一板块 专题一 [题型篇] 第一节 研析高考知考情-【创新教程】2024高考英语总复习大二轮专题增分方案教师用书word（新教材）

第一节　研析高考知考情 高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年高考真题阅读理解题的命题特点。 [近三年高考卷考情分析] [近三年高考卷命题规律] No.1 精通四种题型解题技巧，有的放矢稳拿分 ★针对不同类型的题目，可采用不同的理解技巧，多法并举。 ★能力要求： ①理解文中具体信息、主旨和意义； ②理解文章的基本结构、作者的意图、观点和态度； ③做出简单判断和推理； ④根据上下文推断词汇的含义等。 No.2 识别正误选项特征，有效提高解题效率 ●[典例呈现]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·D篇) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If，for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow­up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident