2024届中职高三英语一轮复习语法专项知识非谓语动词导学案

语法专项知识清单：非谓语动词 1、 概说 1.一山不容二虎：一个完整的句子，只有一个谓语动词，除非有连词连接或者有从句。如其它位置出现动词，必须用非谓语动词形式。 2.定义：不能当谓语的动词，但可以在句子中充当其他句子成分（主/宾/表/状/定/宾补/同） 3.分类：①不定式 ______ ②动名词______ ③现在分词_____ ④过去分词______ 二、动词不定式：to do 1.作主语 :表示具体的一次行为或将来的行为，强调动作本身。（单个不定式作主语，谓语用_______） 当作主语的不定式短语较长时，常用______作形式主语，代替真正的主语-不定式短语。 Eg. 周日早起对我而言太难了。_____________on Sunday is a difficult for me . 动词不定式作主语时，常见的It 作形式主语的句型有： It is + adj. + of / for sb to do sth___________________ It is + a pity/my duty……+ to do sth ___________________ It takes sb. some time to do sth.___________________ It is time (for sb) to do sth.___________________ eg.用一个小时到达那里是很困难的。______________________________________ 照顾你是我的责任。______________________________________ 2.作表语 (One’s dream /job /wish /aim /purpose... is to do sth.)（具体的，将来的） Eg. To see is to believe.(=Seeing is believing.)____________________ My duty is to clean the classroom. ____________________ 3.作宾语 (结构：动词+to do sth.) want to do sth. =would like to do sth.____________________ promise to do sth. ____________________ plan to do sth. ____________________ try/do one’s best to do____________________ refuse to do sth. ____________________ expect to do sth. ____________________ decide to do sth. ____________________ begin(start) to do sth. =begin(start) doing sth. ____________________ like /love to do=like/love doing ____________________offer to do sth. ____________________ learn to do sth. ____________________ hope to do sth. ____________________ agree to do sth. ____________________ continue to do sth. ____________________ choose to do ____________________ make/be sure to do ____________________ fail to do ____________________ manage to do ____________________ 注意：带疑问词的不定式短语可作主语、表语、宾语等 Eg.We are talking about _____________ English well.(怎样学好英语) ________________(何时开始) remains undecided. The difficulty was ___________________the river.(如何过河） 4.作宾补：（侧重动作的全过程，或经常性） ①不定式作宾补的动词有：allow /ask/ tell/expect/ teach/want /advise/remind...+sb. to do sth. Eg.The teacher asked