内容正文:
语法专项知识清单:被动语态
一、英语动词语态分为:主动语态和被动语态
二、被动语态的结构:be+ done(动词的过去分词)+by....(动作执行者)
①The boy broke the windows.(主动)
②The windows were broken by the boy. (被动)
③The bridge was built last year.(不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者)
三、被动语态的时态:通过be动词的变化体现不同的时态。
被动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
现在完成时
过去将来时
过去完成时
(1)English_________ by many people in the world. 世界上有很多人讲英语。
(2)The building_________ ten years ago. 这座大楼是十年前建造的。
(3)The bridge _________ next month. 这座桥下个月将被建成。
(4)An important meeting ________________ this afternoon. 今天下午将召开一个重要会议。
(5)He told me a party_____________this evening. 他告诉我今天晚上要举行一个晚会。
(6)The room _________________ at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时间有人正在修这个房间。
(7)Many interesting books ______________________by me.我已经读了许多有趣的书。
(8)A letter _________________. 信正写着。
(9)The car _________________before I got there. 我到之前,车已经擦干净了。
四、被动语态注意的问题
1.主动变被动:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done,时态不变,数格必须随被变。
Many people speak English.→______________________________________
My aunt invited me to her dinner party. →______________________________________
2. 含有双宾语的主动变为被动:动词+sb.(间宾)+sth.(直宾). (“直物间人”)
口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾(sb.),若把直宾(sth.)变,to/for 间宾连。
①He gave me a new book.→I __________ a new book by him.
→A new book ______________ me by him.
②My mother bought me a new skirt. →I _____________a new skirt ___my mother.
→A new skirt _______________ me by my mother.
3.被动语态和系表结构一样,它们的区别在于:被动语态表示动作,系表结构表示主语的特征和状态。
①The glass was broken by me.(被动)玻璃杯被我打破了。
② The glass is broken.(系表结构)这个玻璃杯是破的。
4.主系表结构:be/feel/sound/taste/smell+adj,无被动。
①The food ________ good.(taste) ②The flowers___________ sweet.(smell)
5.部分动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变被动 to 必须加上。
感官+使役动词(一感: feel / 二听: listen, hear / 三让: let , have , make / 五看: look at, see, watch, observe, notice)
①They made the boy do the work at once.(make sb. do sth=sb. be made to do sth.)
→The boy ______________ do the work at once.
②I saw him play basketball last Sunday.(see sb. do sth=sb. be seen to do sth.)
→He ______________play basketball last Sunda