定语从句讲义 2023-2024 学年人教版九年级英语全册

定语从句

一、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 

1. He is a Chinese teacher. 他是个语文老师。（名词） 2. He is our friend. 他是我们的朋友。（代词）

3. I have three books. 我有三本书。  （数词）      4. He is a good student. 他是个好学生。（形容词）

5.The boy in red is my brother. 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。(介词短语)

二、找出下列句子的主干和定语

     1、这就是救了那个孩子命的医生         2、正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.

     3、我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐. .          4、住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.

     5、会议室在讲话的那个人是一位工人.     6、我喜欢吃尝起来可口的食物.

     7、我不喜欢那个戴眼镜的女生. .          8、我们都更喜欢会谱写优美歌词的歌手. .

三、精讲语法

（一）概念

定语从句：句子作定语叫定语从句。（即句子起修饰作用，修饰名词或代词）

学好定语从句，还应了解定语从句的相关术语：先行词、关系代词

被(定语从句)修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由                                                                                                                           关系词引导，关系词要在定语从句中充当一定的成份（主语，宾语，定语，状语等）,但不翻译. 关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, 关系副词有where, when, why等。

Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子

         Mary is a girl who has long hair.  玛丽是一个长着长发的女孩。

先行词是：girl    关系词：who

      定语从句：has long hair

Everything that we saw in this film was true.   我们在电影里看到的一切都是真的。

（二）关系词的选用

  1、当先行词指物，在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用which / that

    或者说（被修饰的词指物，定语从句差主语时，关系词用which / that）

定语从句差主语，先行词(被修饰的词)指物时，关系词用which / that）

This is a dream which / that will never come true.

The dog which was lost has been found.

练习:  This is the house _______________________(面向东方的)

       The book _____________________________(躺在地上的) is mine.

 2、先行词指物，在定语从句中做宾语时，关系词用which / that或省略

或者说（被修饰的词指物，定语从句差宾语时，关系词用which / that）

This is the card  which / that  I’ve just  received.

练习：This is the mistake__________________________(我经常犯的)

      I still keep the letters _________________________(他去年写给我的)

 I lost the pen  ________________________________(在我五岁生日时父亲买给我的)

 3、先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用who / that

或者说（被修饰的词指人，定语从句差主语时，关系词用who / that）

     如： 1.This is the film star who /that is very popular in China.   (作主语)

      2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.

      3. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?

4、当先行词指人，在句中做宾语时，关系词用who / whom / that或省略

或者说（被修饰的词指人，定语从句差宾语时，关系词用who / whom / that或省略）

如 ：The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer.  (作宾语）

The boy who(m) /that I am looking for is my friend.

The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.

小结：

指物的先行词做主语时，关系词用which/that;

指人的先行词做主语时，关系词用who/that;

指物的先行词做宾语时，关系词用which/that/省略;

指人的先行词做宾语时，关系词用who/whom/that/省略;

that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，可以省略

which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.

who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，

可以省略,（常用whom）

定语从句中谓语动词的单复数如何确定？

注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。

That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.

The old woman who is wearing a pair of glasses is my grandma.21教

如：I will talk to someone who ________(look) friendly.  I love the people who_________(be) very outgoing.

5、关系词只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：

    (1).先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one时， 或被这些词修饰时。

         That’s all that I know.      Is there anything that I can do for you?

         He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

    (2). 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

     That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

     The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.

(3). 先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。

    That’s the only thing that I can do now.   These are the very words that he used.

(4). 主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

    Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?    Which is the pen that you lost ?

(5). 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.

    The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.                               

6、介词提前（定语从句的介词提到先行词的后面）时，指人的先行词后只能用whom ，即（介+whom）；指物的先行词后只能用which ，即（介+which）

       如：I like the music that/which I can sing along with.

           I like the music with which I can sing along.

           The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.

             A. who     B.  whose    C. whom       D. that

7、先行词和定语从句的主语能构成所有格，表示所属关系时，关系词用whose，用来代替 his/her/their/its. （定语从句不差主语和宾语时就考虑whose。）

        如，The boy is my classmate.    The boy’s father is a policeman.

            The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.

     练习: A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).

            A. who     B.  whose    C. who’s        D. which

巩固练习

1、用关系代词填空

1).The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.

2).The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.

3).I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.

4).The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.

5). The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.

6). Is there a student _________ father is a business man?

7). This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.

8).I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.

9). My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.

10). Say all ________ you know.

11). Is there anything ______ I can do for you?

12). This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.

13). This is the best novel _______ I have read.

14). Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?

15). Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.

2、翻译下列句子

1)、这就是救了那个孩子命的医生._______________________________________________________

2)、正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔________________________________________________________

3)、我喜欢乐于助人的孩子.____________________________________________________

4)、住在隔壁的那个男的是一名教师.___________________________________________________

5)、会议室在讲话的那个人是一位工人___________________________________________________

6)、我喜欢吃尝起来可口的食物_______________________________________________

7)、戴眼镜的那个女孩是我的朋友。_________________________________________________

8)、我们喜欢努力学习的学生。_________________________________________________

9)、眼睛很大的那个小男孩是汤姆。__________________________________________________

10)、她是一个对每个人都很友好的老师。________________________________________________

3.英译汉

1). This is Xiao Wang who gave us a talk yesterday．

2). This is the doctor who came here yesterday．

4). The houses which are built in this district are rather expensive.【

3). The man that is standing by the door is her brother.

5). The young lady whom we met yesterday is our new math teacher.

6). My parents usually buy me some simple clothes that can last a long time.

 (三)关系副词：when/ where/why

1、先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，表动作或状态发生的时间时，关系词用when.

when可表示成“介词  +  which”

如：She will never forget the day.  She was married on that day.

She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.

It was the year.   The World War I broke out in the year.

It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.

2. 先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表动作或状态发生的地点时，关系词用where。where        可表示成 “介词  + which”

    I want to know the place.   I was born there.

    I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.

  练习：The chair_________ she is sitting is a new one.

          A. who     B. that   C. where       D. which

3. 当先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，表原因时，关系词用why, 其先行词常常是the reason.   why可表示成“for which”

     That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.

     I know the reason why he said it.

练习:

1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.