Unit 1 Science and Scientists 能力提升素养练习-2024届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists 能力提升素养练习 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on the research that found wildfire smoke is full of thousands of species of microorganisms (微生物). Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores (真菌孢子) are known to cause disease. The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plants or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply after fires. Scientists say the organisms stick with smoke particulates (颗粒物), allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents. Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections, says Chen, but it’s certainly possible that a significant number could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues，” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking, could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses？” Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”， says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower­income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer protective means are often more exposed to the envi