内容正文:
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第14讲 阅读理解专题
· 知识精讲
小学英语阅读理解的类型:
一般有三类:故事类、说明类和科普类
故事类一般难度不大,认真阅读,仔细选择,问题都可以解决。
小学的说明, 科普类短文都十分浅显, 只要具备一点科普常识都会读懂的,即使文章较长, 问题也十分明显,从文中都能找到答案。
阅读小技巧:
略读法:关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下,以最快的速度阅读,获得足够的信息,以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两句话,第一句往往点明文章主题或作者意图,而最后一句则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。其阅读技巧:
1. 阅读段落的主题句和结论句。据统计,大约有80%的主题句是段落的首句,其他20%左右的主题句是段落的尾句。因此,我们往往可以通过阅读每段的首句或尾句来了解整篇文章的大意。
2. 注意关联词,如转折词:however, but; 序列词first, second等。
查阅法:考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章,而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分,然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息,如人物、事件、时间、地点、原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。
例题:
阅读下列短文,并根据短文内容判断所给句子是否正确,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”。
Mrs. White has two children. John is seven. Ann is only three. John is a good brother. He is always very nice to his sister. One day in the afternoon, Mrs. White was cooking dinner in the kitchen, and the two children were playing games in the garden. Suddenly, Ann began to cry and she ran to her mum in the kitchen. Mrs. White asked, “What’s wrong with you, Ann?” “John broke(弄坏了)my toy bear, ” Ann answered sadly. “How did he do it? ” mum said. Ann stopped crying, and thought for a few seconds, “I hit(打)his head with it.”
判断正误,正确写“T”,错误写“F” :
( ) 1. John isn’t a good brother to his sister.
( ) 2. Ann is four years younger than John.
( ) 3. The two children played some games, and their mother was busy at home.
( ) 4.John broke Ann’s toy bear.
( ) 5.“sadly” means very happy.
1.排除干扰,抓住关键信息。
阅读理解,不能为枝节信息所左右,要看主要信息。以第1小题为例,尽管短文后说到了“John broke my toy bear.”,但是短文中的关键词是“always”,即“He is always very nice to his sister.”,更不用说是Ann 先打了John 的头。因此,答案一定是F。
2.适当运算,推导正确答案。
阅读理解题中,有不少题只要通过正确的运算,就能得出正确答案。以第2 小题为例,短文告诉我们“John is seven. Ann is only three.”,因此,John 就比Ann 大4 岁,显然题目“Ann is four years younger than John.”与事实正好相符,答案自然是T。
3.依据事实,进行逆向思维。
阅读理解题中,有些题目似是而非,关键看我们怎么根据事实进行分析。以第3 小题为例,“and the two children were playing games in the garden” 支持题目中的“The two children played some games”。问题的关键是,John 和Ann 的母亲是否是“busy”。短文中“Mrs. White was cooking dinner in the kitchen”这句话总不能说Mrs. White 是在玩吧? 因此,通过