内容正文:
►专题03 宾语从句用法梳理
知识梳理
宾语从句用法归纳
一、 宾语从句的引导词
引导宾语从句的词有:连词that, if, whether;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。
1. 连词that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,也无任何意义,可以省略;其它带有疑问意义的连接词则不能省略。如:
I know (that) he is a good teacher.
He doesn’t know who first discovered America.
2. whether与if
① 二者都有“是否”的意思,一般可以换用,但在介词之后,不定式之前,与or not连用时,只能用whether。如:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in.
② 引导否定的宾语从句时只能用 if。如:
I wonder if he won’t hurt the feeling of his girl friend.
③ 另外引导主语从句(放在句首)、表语从句、同位语从句时,也只能用 whether,不能用if。
3. what
在宾语从句中,引导词 what具有两种含义:
① 保留疑问,即“什么”的意义。
② 相当于“all/everything that”,常译成“……的(东西或事)”。
二、 宾语从句注意事项
1. 宾语从句无论用哪种连接词来引导,语序都必须用陈述语序,尽管有时有疑问意义。如:Do you know when the lesson will begin?
2. 要注意主、从句时态的一致和相应变化。如:
① 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可根据说话人的需要选择适当的时态。如:
She asks me if I went to Dalian last year.
② 当主句是过去时的时候,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。如:
He said that he would fly to Egypt the next day.
③ 当从句是客观真理、习惯动作或状态时,不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told the children that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
3. it作形式宾语
在“谓语+ it + 宾补 + 宾语从句”结构中,it用作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语从句后置。如:
I thought it strange that he failed to call me.
三、宾语从句考点梳理
【知识梳理1】 宾语从句的关系词及类型
1. 宾语从句的关系词
连接词:从属连词,连接代词,连接副词
引导词有连词that (that 常可省略), whether, if;
代词有who, whose, what ,which;
副词 when ,where, how, why 等。
2. 及物动词后的宾语从句:
1)由从属连词引导的宾语从句
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.
2)由连接代词引导的宾语从句
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
3)由连接副词引导的宾语从句
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
3介词后的宾语从句:
1)I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
2)The teacher is satisfied with what she has said.
4. 某些形容词后的宾语从句:
1)I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
2)We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.
5. 非谓语动词后的宾语从句:
1)Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
2