内容正文:
►专题06 非谓语动词用法梳理
知识梳理
1、 动词不定式
一)、不定式的形式
语态
时态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
完成进行式
to have been doing
1.完成式
不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.
I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
(比较: I am glad to see you.)
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
He pretended not to have seen me.
2.进行式
如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.
You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.
He pretended to be listening attentively.
3.完成进行式
在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.
The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
We are happy to have been working with you.
4.被动式
当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
二)、不定式的用法
1.不定式作主语
【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________.
A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month
C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month
it 在句中作形式主语。 而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”,答案是A)。
注意:
(1). 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。
(2). 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响,常在不定式前加for sb.。
(3). 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind,good, nice,wise,clever,silly,wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等),不定式前加of sb.。
2.不定式做宾语
大部分动词可加不定式做宾语。如:We are planning to build a reservoir here.
【例】There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made
动词mean在本句中的意思是“打算”,后面只能接动词不定式做宾语。所以答案是B) to make。动词mean后面接名词和动名词时,意思是“表示……的意思、意味着”,所以选项A 和 D错误。
注意:
(1). 只能以不定式作宾语,而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有:
(“希望”干)wish, hope, expect, long, desire;
(早“打算”)plan,