2024年中考英语专项复习主谓一致 讲义

主谓一致 主谓一致的原则 1. 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. · A sad movie makes me cry. · Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 2. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 · The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级） · Generally speaking, the disable need more help. · Someone is knocking at the door. 3. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 · There is an apple and two pears on the table. · There are two pears and an apple on the table. 主谓一致的应用 1. 谓语动词用单数 (1) 不可数名词作主语时 · Water is very important for humans. · Knowledge is power. · Happiness lies first of all in health. (2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 · Eight hours of sleep is enough . · Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson. · Ten kilometers is a long distance. (3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 · Each of the students has a dictionary. · Either is good enough for me. · Neither of the books is useful to him. · No man is born wise. (4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 · Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. · I think that something interesting is going to happen. · Everybody deserves a chance. · Nothing is more important than health. (5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 · Very little has been done about it. · Much of the time was wasted. · Much water is needed in this place. (6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 · Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. · More than one chair is in the room. · One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl. (7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 · One of these notebooks is mine. · The number of the members in the swimming club is 50. (8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 · Physics is