内容正文:
宾语从句
知识点
1.从句的辨析。
2.宾语从句的引导词。
3.宾语从句的语序。
4.宾语从句的时态。
【知识导图】
1、 宾语从句的概念
在主从复合句子中,充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。可以放在主句的动词后,也可以放在主句的形容词后。
宾语可分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句是初中英语教材中重点语法之一,也是中考一个考查热点。
例: He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。
连接词
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
连接词
Do you know whom they are waiting for ?
连接词
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin?
连接词
2、 宾语从句的三要素
1.连接词
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句:
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?
He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的
I hear (that) he will come back.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
(2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句:
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
注意点:一般情况下,whether和if可以互换使用,但要注意只能用whether,不能用if的情形:
①当句末为or not时,引导词只能用whether而不能用if;
②在介词后面,引导词只能用whether而不能用if;
③在动词不定式前,引导词只能用whether而不能用if;
④放在句首只能用whether.
2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句;
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词引导。
包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如:
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门?
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
( ) 1. I don’t doubt _______ she can do it well, but I doubt _______ she is willing to do it.
A. that; that B. if; if C. that; if D. if; that
( ) 2.--Are you sure you have to do it ?It’s been too late.
----I don’t know _________I can do it if not now.
A that B when C how D where
( ) 3.His words remind me __________we did together during the past holiday.
A. that B.what C.of what D.of that
2.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都是运用陈述句