内容正文:
高中英语语法知识 复习集
定语从句
Part1 基本复习
1、 定义:在一个复合句中,一个句子作定语的复合句就是定语从句。
注意:
1. 一个句子的判断标准:一句一主谓!
2. 定语:修饰名词/代词的成分即是定语
2、 结构(三要素):先行词+关系词+定语。
1. 先行词:被修饰的名词/代词
2. 定语:修饰名词/代词的成分
3. 关系词:连接主句和从句,有时候在定语中充当主语或宾语
3、 关系词
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
非限制定语从句
关系代词
who
人
主语,宾语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
√
whom
人
宾语
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
√
that
人,物
主语,宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the person (that) I am looking for.
×
which
物
主语,宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
√
as
人,物
主语,宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
√
关系形容词
whose
人,物
定语
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
√
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
√
where
地点
地点状语
This is the house where I was born.
√
why
原因
原因状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
×
注意:
1. who/whom/which/that等在定语从句中充当宾语时,可以省略。
2. 定语从句的引导词没有what,how
(因为what=n.+which;how一般作为方式状语,修饰动作,然而定语从句主要是修饰名词/代词的)
解题技巧:
Step1定性:名词/代词+ ? +句子(完整/不完整)
Step2定缺:找出定语,判断定语是否完整,即是是否缺少主语/宾语
若句子完整:whose、when/where/why
若句子不完整:who/which/that/whom
Step3根据先行词,选择合适的关系词
注意:whose后面紧接名词,且可以翻译成“谁的....”,具有所属关系;
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
知识难点
1.定语的划分
· 内嵌结构:一般主语作先行词,定语为横线后面至第二个谓语之前
The boy who she loved died in the war.
· 左右结构:一般宾语作先行词,定语为先行词后面的全部成分
I have a friend who has short hair and big eyes.
2.及物动词和不及物动词的判定
This is the house where/in which once Lu Xun lived.
This is the house which/that once Lu Xun lived in.
I never forget the person who/that/whom we met in the park.
I never forget the day when we met in the park.
Part2 高中新知识
· 特殊考点1:只能用that引导定语从句的情况
用法说明
例句
1. 先行词既指人又指物时。
2. 先行词为everything,something,anything, nothing, all, much, none 等不定代词时。
3. 先行词被no, every/each, few/little,some/any,much, all等不定代词修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last,the+序数词,the+最高级修饰时。
5. 主语是以who或which开头的疑问句,为了避免重复,用that。
1.