2024届中职高三英语一轮复习非谓语动词作定语课件

非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词： 是一种动词形式，可做除谓语以外的任何成分，只有时态和语态的变化。 定语： 对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。 一、不定式作定语 （一）不定式作定语 1、不定式作定语 to do（与被修饰名词之间为主动关系且将来） to be done（与被修饰名词之间为被动关系且将来） 例如(1)We need someone to help with the work. (2)They wanted to be better treated. （二）不定式作定语的几种特殊情况 （一）动词不定式作定语 1.名词或者代词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，或者被修饰的中心词是序数词、形容词最高级时，常用不定式作后置定语。 He was the last guest to arrive. 他是最后一个来的客人。 2.被修饰词前有 the only,the very,the next等词后用不定式作定语。 The next thing to do is to relax yourself completely. 下一步要做的事情是完全放松你自己。 3.抽象名词time, way, ability ,reason ,chance, courage, opportunity等后常用不定式作定语。 I had a chance to visit the Great Wall last month. 上个月我有一个机会游览了长城。 4.不定代词 something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定语。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 5、不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 　　　 例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things) (1)I have a lot of work to do . 　　　　　　　 (2)Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything) (3)Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li. 主动的形式表达被动的含义。 二、分词作定语 1、分词作定语 doing（与被修饰名词之间为主动关系） being done（与被修饰名词之间为被动关系且正在进行） done（与被修饰名词之间为被动关系且完成） 例如(1)Do you know the boy standing under the tree? (2)The houses being built are for villages. (3)I don't like the novel written by Mary. 三、非谓语动词被动语态作定语的区别 不定式 to be done， 现在分词being done 和过去分 词done作定语的区别 (1)The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important . (2)The question being discussed now is very important. (3)The question discussed yesterday is very important. 不定式 to be done 表“被动 将来” 现在分词being done 表“被动 进行” 过去分词done 表“被动 完成” 四、总结 这里的主动和被动是指定语和被修饰的名词和代词之间的关系。 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 表达的概念 to do to do to be done 将来 doing doing being done 主动、进行 done done 被动、完成 1、He made an interesting speech. 2、I like books written by Lu Xun. 3、The car to be bought is for his sister . 4、He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 非谓语动词作