2023年英语中考语法复习 句子成分、种类与结构

句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语和同位语。另外还有一些词或短语等与句子没有密切关系，可以独立存在，被称为独立成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分，表语。宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分是句子的次要部分。 1、 主语 1. 名词作主语 My room is big and clean. Some young people can’t settle down to their own business. 2. 代词作主语 This is all I want. Nothing else. She has already left China for Chile. 3. 数词作主语 Three is enough for each of us. Four and five is nine. Have you worked it out, Jeff? 4. 名词化形容词作主语 The sick and the old need our help. The wounded were saved. 5. 不定式作主语 To become a nurse is my wish. 6. V-ing 形式作主语 Remembering so many new words is really hard work. 7. 从句作主语 What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 2、 谓语 谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词时限定动词，有人称、数、时态的变化。谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。 1. 简单谓语：凡是由一个动词或短语动词作谓语的都是简单谓语。 What happened last night? I heard lots of noise. My father often comes back late. 2. 复合谓语：常见的复合谓语有两种：一是由“情态动词+动词原形”构成；一是由“连系动词+ 表语”构成。 Jeff can’t come to the party. Our school becomes more beautiful and more famous. 3、 表语 表语与前面的连系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。充当表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。 1. 名词作表语 He turned doctor after school. 2. 代词作表语 You are many, but they are few. 3. 数词作表语 I’m eighteen. 4. 形容词作表语 The sky looks much higher in autumn. 5. V-ing 形式和V-ed 形式作表语 It’s surprising that you haven’t met. I’m much worried about my mother’s health. 6. 不定式作表语 Too see is to believe. My wish is to become an artist. 7. 副词作表语 I’m now downstairs, waiting for you. Is anybody in ? 8. 介词短语作表语 My hometown is among mountains. 9. 从句作表语 It was because he didn’t pass the exam. 4、 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、从句等充当。作宾语的代词要用宾格形式。宾语又有单宾语、双宾语（指物的直接宾语和指人的间接宾语）和复合宾语（宾语+补足语）等不同的形式。 1. 名词作宾语 You can leave your pet with me while traveling. We study Chinese, maths,English,politics,history,physics and chemistry. 2. 代词作宾语 I’m fond of foreign stamps. How about you ? What would you like us to do for you ? 3. 数词作宾语 If you put 5 and 7 together, you’ll get 12, little Tom. I received ten before Christmas, and the rest of the