内容正文:
专题14 定语从句---关系代词
【学习目标】
1、通过理论依据,会正确理解定语从句的连接词;
2、通过背诵该语法,会运用定语从句的不同连接词来进行填空;
3、通过大量训练,会将定语从句正确运用在篇章填空中。
【探究活动】
定语从句:修饰名词或代词对其起到限定作用的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。今天我们来讲关系代词。
分析下列句子的结构,找出先行词和定语从句,确定关系词的选择
一、定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;
关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句;
B、代替先行词;
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
4.That 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
三、关系代词的指代与功能
the relative pronouns
关系代词
referring to
指代
function in the clause
所作成分
which
物
主语;宾语
that
人;物
主语;宾语
who
人
主语;宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人;物
定语
四、限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如:
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗?
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3.当先行词被形容词最