专题 10 被动语态（讲义）-【中职专用】中职高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北适用）

专题10被动语态（讲义）-【中职专用】 中职高考英语一轮复习讲练测（河北适用） 被动语态 一、被动语态概说 语态是动词的一种形式，根据句子主语与谓语动词关系的不同，英语句子可分主语语态和被动语态两种类型。所谓主动语态，就是指句子主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则指的是主语是动作的承受者。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。（主动语态） 其中的“我们”与“打扫”为逻辑上的主谓语关系，“打扫”由主语“我们”去执行，所以这是一个主动语态的句子。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天被我们打扫。（被动语态） 其中的“教室”虽然是句子的主语，但“教室”与“打扫”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，“打扫”的承受者是“教室”，所以这是一个被动语态的句子。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 （1） 被动语态的几种句型 句型 被动语态构成 例句 肯定句 主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+（by） My phone was made in China. 否定句 主语+be not+过去分词+（by） My phone wasn’t made in China. 一般疑问句 Be+主语+过去分词+（by）？ Was your phone made in China? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词（by）? Where was your phone made? （2） 几种时态的被动语态 时态 被动语态构成 例句 一般现在时 am/ is/ are + 过去分词 Football is played all over the world. 一般过去时 was / were done Rome was not built in a day. 一般将来时 will / shall be done We will be asked to speak at the meeting. 现在进行时 am / is / are being done I think we are being followed. 过去进行时 was / were being done He was being interviewed at 10. 现在完成时 have / has been done The cake has been eaten. 过去完成时 had been done The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema. 过去将来时 would / should be done The project will have been completed before May. 含有情态动词 情态动词+ be + done Young trees must be watered often. 三、主动语态变被动语态 （一）将主动句的宾语变为主语 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 （二）将动词改为"be+过去分词" （三）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 例Tom broke a glass. → A glass was broken by Tom. 注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是复数形式含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为被动句时可以不用表示，但原主语被强调者除外。 例：They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. （2）含有双宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。 例：He gave us the book. →We were gave the book by him. →The book was given by him. You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave. 当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。 四、被动语态的用法 （一）句意需要 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。如: I was born in 1960. 我生于1960年。 They have been poorly paid. 他们的工