专题08 动词的时态 - 【中职专用】中职高考英语语法专题复习（通用） 

专题08 动词的时态 【学习目标】 1. 识记不同时态的基本概念、构成及常见时间状语； 会正确分析并区分不同的时态。 2. 通过分析和区分时态，会把它们正确运用到语法填空和书面表达中。 【探究活动】 在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。 1．一般现在时 1）构成：动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式。 构成及变化: a)be动词的变化 肯定句： I am a boy.　　 否定句： He is not a worker.　 一般疑问句： -Are you a student?　　-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句： Where is my bike? b)行为动词的变化：肯定句时，动词用原形；如果是变成否定句，一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的时候，就要加助动词（do ;does；）。 1)当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句：　We often play basketball after school. 否定句： we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑问句：Do you often play basketball after school l? 特殊疑问句： What do you often do after school ? 2)当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does 肯定句： He swims well. 否定句 ：He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑问句： Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问句：如： How does your father go to work? 2．一般过去时 用法 a．表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. She wasn't at home last night. b．表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 含有实意动词的过去时态的句子，变成否定句和疑问句都要加助动词did。如： Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? He didn’t leave for Beijing yesterday morning. 3．一般将来时 1）构成：will do ; be going to do 2)用法 a．表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 I'll go and see her next Friday. He won't go there tomorrow morning. b．有时没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。 I don't know who will do it. Don't worry, he will be there on time. c．表示将来经常发生的动作。 From now on I'll get up early every morning. 注意： 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。 例如：He will come to see you when he has time. They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 4．现在进行时 1）构成：am /is/are +doing 2）用法 a．现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 Who are you waiting for? He knows that we are helping