专题06 句子成分 - 【中职专用】中职高考英语语法专题复习（通用） 

专题06 句子成分 【学习目标】 1. 通过理论依据，会分辨词性所充当的句子成分。 2. 通过背诵和训练该语法，会正确熟练地运用到单选和短文填空中。 【探究活动】 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的, 是表达一个完整概念的语言单位。句子开头的第一个字母要大写；结尾要有句号“。”、问号“?”或感叹号“﹗”。一个句子可以分解成单词或词组，这些单词或词组在句子中有着不同的功能和位置，称为不同的句子成分。 常见的句子成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语。 一. 主语(Subject,简称S)：句子的主角，动作的发出者。 1. English is very easy. 2. I am a teacher. 3. Four and three is seven. 4. Protecting animals is very important. 5. To enter the college is one of my dreams. 6. What surprised me most is the way he spoke. 总结：充当主语的词有：名词；代词；数词；动名词；不定式；句子。 二. 谓语(Verb,简称V)：说明主语的动作或状态，做什么或者是什么。 1. 实义动词(短语)：He works in a school. 2.系动词： He is a chemist. 3.助动词+实义动词：I don’t like dancing. 4.情态动词+动原：I can speak German. 补充：助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但也不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。 三. 宾语(object,简称O)：表示动作的对象或动作的承受者。 1.名词：We study Chinese. 2. 代词：I love you. 3. 数词：How many do you need？I need two. 4.动词ing：I enjoy listening to music very much. 5. 动词不定式：I want to have a book. 6. 宾语从句：Do you know what I mean? 四. 表语(Predicative, 简称P)：与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征，属性，状态，身份等。 常见的系动词： be动词：am/is /are/was/were 表保持：keep/remain/ stay 表改变：get/become/ turn 感官动词：feel/sound/look/seem/taste/smell 1.名词：She is a doctor. 2.数词：I am eighteen. 3.形容词：The sky looks much higher. 4.动词ing：Seeing is believing. 5.动词不定式：My wish is to become an artist. 6.表语从句：The reason for his success is that he worked hard. 五. 宾语补足语（Complement, 简称C）：补充说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系。 1. 名词：They elected me monitor. 2. 形容词：We try to make our country strong. 3. 介词短语：We found everything in good order. 4. 动词不定式：They advised us to get the chance. 5. 动词ing： I saw him dancing in the classroom. 6. 动词过去分词：He found the thief caught by a policeman. 六. 定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词，短语或者句子。分前置定语和后置定语。 1. 名词：There is an apple tree in front of the house. 2. 代词：My brother is a teacher. 3. 数词：I have eleven flowers. 4. 形容词：They had a beautiful doll. 5. 介词短语：The books in the classroom are about English. 6. 动词ing：China is a developing country. 7. 动词过去分词：You’